What is MaKey MaKey? |Revealed

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-size: large;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: arial; line-height: 22.4px; text-align: start;">Make + Key = MaKey MaKey!</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #777777; font-family: arial; line-height: 22.4px; text-align: start;"> </span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-size: large;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #777777; font-family: arial; line-height: 22.4px; text-align: start;"><br /></span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;">Turn the whole world into a keyboard! It's a simple Invention Kit for Beginners or Experts doing art, engineering, and everything in between. Using the MaKey MaKey you can make anything and everything into a key just by connecting a few crocodile clips. The MaKey MaKey is an invention kit that tricks your computer into thinking that almost anything is a keyboard. This allows you to use up all kinds of fun things as an input. For example, play Mario with a Play-Doh keyboard, or piano with fruit!</span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2F-6OuPsKLf0dzu-qywXnTs-3Yysex3IDfctZRg1iKHsgrTvC1RT0O_UkJ9E50WYFRdx92GYJqSk8MHO-PkWvAhkunTEFjuPda7pNEnmvLwf6QTHFENCjcZch5GZldsrjWjxgUAerBt3Z/s1600/52e95fafce395fa67b8b4569.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2F-6OuPsKLf0dzu-qywXnTs-3Yysex3IDfctZRg1iKHsgrTvC1RT0O_UkJ9E50WYFRdx92GYJqSk8MHO-PkWvAhkunTEFjuPda7pNEnmvLwf6QTHFENCjcZch5GZldsrjWjxgUAerBt3Z/s400/52e95fafce395fa67b8b4569.png" width="400" /></a></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;">The MaKey MaKey uses high resistance switching to detect when you've made a connection even through materials that aren't very conductive (like leaves, fruits or people). This technique attracts noise on the input, so a moving window averager is used to lowpass the noise. The on-board ATMega32u4 communicates with your computer using the Human Interface Device (HID) protocol which means that it can act like a mouse or keyboard.</span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;">There are six inputs on the front of the board, which can be attached to via crocodile clipping, soldering to the pads, or all other methods you can think of. There are another 12 inputs on the back, 6 for keyboard keys, and 6 for mouse motion, which you can access with jumpers via the female headers. If you wish to use a different set of keys, or otherwise change the behavior of your MaKey MaKey, you can simply reprogram it using the Arduino environment. And yes, MaKey MaKey is an Arduino-compatible controller!That's right, it runs the Leonardo bootloader so reprogramming is fast and easy.</span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;">Check out the video below to see what can you make from MaKey MaKey...</span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <iframe width="320" height="266" class="YOUTUBE-iframe-video" data-thumbnail-src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/rfQqh7iCcOU/0.jpg" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/rfQqh7iCcOU?feature=player_embedded" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div> </div>

What is MaKey MaKey? |Revealed

Make + Key = MaKey MaKey!   Turn the whole world into a keyboard! It's a simple Invention Kit for Beginners or Experts doing art, ...

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How To Crack Passwords| Revealed

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>Password cracking-</b></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="color: #444444; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Password cracking is usually done by either repeatedly guessing the password,</span><span style="color: #444444; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">its done using computer algorithm in which computer tries numerous combinations until the password is successfully discovered.</span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="color: #444444; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Password cracker use two primary methods to identify correct passwords:</span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="color: #444444; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">1)Brute force</span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="color: #444444; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">2)Dictionary searches</span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="color: #444444; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="color: #444444; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">In this tutorials we going to use brute force method to crack password.</span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="color: #444444; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Brute force: When password cracker uses a brute force tool, tests all possible combination of characters of predetermined length </span><span style="color: #444444; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">until its finds the right combination accepted by the computer system.</span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="color: #444444; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Brute force is generally trial and error method used by application programs to decode encrypted data.</span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="color: #444444; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Brute force is considered to be an infallible but time consuming approach.</span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="color: #444444; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="color: #444444; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">In this tutorial we gonna use Mozilla Firefox addons- Fireforce.</span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="color: #444444; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">If you don't have Mozilla Firefox version 20.0 installed the version am using and also required addons please see my previous post </span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="color: #444444; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Hacking tutorial initial setup.</span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="color: #444444; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">I hope you have installed addons and the version of Mozilla Firefox</span><span style="color: #444444; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"> am  using.</span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="color: #444444; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">For this method you must know the username to successfully cracking the password.</span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="color: #444444; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Lets start------</span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="color: #444444; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">STEP 1) Goto Mozilla Firefox-->open any login page </span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="color: #444444; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="color: #444444; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">STEP 2)Enter "admin" as username and try to login with random password after which it will display failure message. Make a note of this message.</span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="color: #444444; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg1r23KcGMtDZHN9RfDkDJtTIYn-6LPOMgG9EgqLfgMBn7d7q68UnxX3jQzQONGu4gB4_xZeZ0p4RxoKUTHT8TzebUYWevmPDBGFywYFpIbMX99e34QckmpF0DNizm3PsnMzn_oe3F68Y9W/s1600/pass2-1.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="195" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg1r23KcGMtDZHN9RfDkDJtTIYn-6LPOMgG9EgqLfgMBn7d7q68UnxX3jQzQONGu4gB4_xZeZ0p4RxoKUTHT8TzebUYWevmPDBGFywYFpIbMX99e34QckmpF0DNizm3PsnMzn_oe3F68Y9W/s400/pass2-1.png" width="400" /></a></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="color: #444444; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="color: #444444; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">STEP 3)Right click on the password field. Select "Fireforce"-->"Generate password" and then select -->"a-zA-Z0-9" option.</span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="color: #444444; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">       </span></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <span style="color: #444444; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEje8hlhqIgmuao_fVQZEGrUTZWCuwQRSoSfuYADF4RPckipZF2awAvPMvZQHAPRaxJaoz4ZuGCVzISnDSY2B_aOAlg_gS6LdDqZ-WisV4EafpZOvIgkEc1ebMzNmSHJQVu_lJkxENiSQ9p3/s1600/pass3-1.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="196" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEje8hlhqIgmuao_fVQZEGrUTZWCuwQRSoSfuYADF4RPckipZF2awAvPMvZQHAPRaxJaoz4ZuGCVzISnDSY2B_aOAlg_gS6LdDqZ-WisV4EafpZOvIgkEc1ebMzNmSHJQVu_lJkxENiSQ9p3/s400/pass3-1.png" width="400" /></a></span></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <span style="color: #444444; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div> <br /> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="color: #444444; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">STEP 4)This will asks for the minimum and maximum number of characters that the password requires, and also the message required to detect the failure or success.</span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="color: #444444; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"> In this case, our failure text is "Login Failed!". </span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="color: #444444; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Now, click save and wait for a while it cracks the passwords. </span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="color: #444444; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Note that password cracking may take a very very long time as the number of passwords to be tested is very large.</span><br /> <span style="color: #444444; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiTQCqi8Qke1Ao7NLW9-h-pNRTKABUrn6eUANo5UUNiLRJ8cnLrHl92-rTv_n8m-03efD-orWwVC9QRlJshr2NenPcYv7hRw_5jSxok6aSOF8NhnZlb0sdO0x813Hk1qtu2JBpcX_UqX2ao/s1600/pass4-1.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="195" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiTQCqi8Qke1Ao7NLW9-h-pNRTKABUrn6eUANo5UUNiLRJ8cnLrHl92-rTv_n8m-03efD-orWwVC9QRlJshr2NenPcYv7hRw_5jSxok6aSOF8NhnZlb0sdO0x813Hk1qtu2JBpcX_UqX2ao/s400/pass4-1.png" width="400" /></a></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="color: #444444; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="color: #444444; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">STEP 5)Once the password is found , FireForce will show you the password using which you may login.</span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="color: #444444; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiaYh7FF7wcIeKp_Yn9b8txKcoBUuGlwIwS5dOtdG1HJT4LGzYLTr0iz-q_2lMphoz7JPQLHqHZX-ij7wkWhTgZ_ydQ1M40bY0Kdx_cLgr50v_37fEBGQ-LfBV3BVQxcM-Y0X8mV8bcBl3u/s1600/pass5-1.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="195" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiaYh7FF7wcIeKp_Yn9b8txKcoBUuGlwIwS5dOtdG1HJT4LGzYLTr0iz-q_2lMphoz7JPQLHqHZX-ij7wkWhTgZ_ydQ1M40bY0Kdx_cLgr50v_37fEBGQ-LfBV3BVQxcM-Y0X8mV8bcBl3u/s400/pass5-1.png" width="400" /></a></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <br /></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <br /></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> \</div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: center;"> <iframe allowfullscreen="" class="YOUTUBE-iframe-video" data-thumbnail-src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/Wv7ykB5Eue8/0.jpg" frameborder="0" height="266" src="?feature=player_embedded" width="320"></iframe></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="color: #444444; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div> <br /> <div style="text-align: justify;"> </div> <br /> <div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px;"> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <div style="margin: 0px;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span style="color: #444444;">Hope you like this tutorial. If you find any difficulty in cracking password, please comment down below or email us at-</span><i style="color: #444444;"> <a href="mailto:electronicsrevealed@gmail.com" target="_blank">electronicsrevealed@gmail.com</a> .</i><span style="color: #444444;"> Also subscribe to our youtube channel- </span><i><span style="color: blue;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCGSxcMKAa48Zg6DPv_1Y9bQ" target="_blank">https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCGSxcMKAa48Zg6DPv_1Y9bQ</a></span></i></span><br /> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><i>_By_Pranav Nandankar</i></span></div> </div> </div> </div>

How To Crack Passwords| Revealed

Password cracking- Password cracking is usually done by either repeatedly guessing the password, its done using computer algorithm in ...

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Hacking Tutorial Initial Setup |Revealed

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <h2> <span style="font-size: large;">Welcome to Hacking Revealed.</span></h2> <h3> <span style="font-size: large;">Hacking tutorial Episode 1--></span></h3> <h4> <span style="font-size: large;">INTRODUCTION--></span></h4> <span style="font-size: large;">Hacking is the gaining of access(wanted or unwanted) to a computer and viewing, copying, or creating data(leaving a trace) without the intention of destroying data or maliciously harming the computer. </span><br /> <span style="font-size: large;"> And who is Hacker ...According to me hacker is "A clever programmer" who tries to break into computer system.</span><br /> <span style="font-size: large;"> There's not more to talk about Hacking in introduction because we all are fimilar with it.</span><br /> <span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span><span style="font-size: large;">INITIAL SETUP--></span><br /> <span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span><span style="font-size: large;">Before starting this tutorial you need to install following software.</span><br /> <span style="font-size: large;">1>Mozilla Firefox</span><br /> <span style="font-size: large;">   Installing Firefox is most important procrdure in this tutorials.</span><br /> <span style="font-size: large;">   Moilla Firefox browser is known as Hackers Browser for the following reasons--></span><br /> <span style="font-size: large;">    1.Firefox provide you great add-ons and this add-ons are helpful for hackers.</span><br /> <span style="font-size: large;">    2.Chrome and some other browser filter data and avoid browser site attack.</span><br /> <span style="font-size: large;">2>You should install Mozilla Firefox Version 20.0.</span><br /> <span style="font-size: large;">  Now you may ask why Firefox 20.0 ?Why not latest version of Firefox?</span><br /> <span style="font-size: large;">  Because some of the add-ons I use is not available on latest version.</span><br /> <span style="font-size: large;">  Download Mozilla Firefox 20.0 from the link below--</span><br /> <div style="text-align: center;"> <b><i><u><span style="font-size: large;"> </span><a href="http://download.mozilla.org/?product=firefox-20.0.1&os=win&lang=en-US" style="font-size: x-large;" target="_blank">Mozilla Firefox 20.0(Download Link)</a></u></i></b></div> <span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span><span style="font-size: large;"> By the time you might be installed Firefox,Now its time to add some great add-ons to your Browser.</span><br /> <span style="font-size: large;"> Now open the firefox,left click just above Address Bar And select "Menu Bar".This enable your Menu bar which will</span><br /> <span style="font-size: large;">make it easy to launch any add-ons from the "Tools" menu.</span><br /> <span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgh_4kAHnqfS3-zQ0GNwNyOdkRK9d6ErTj9hw5uGEBujziufX9-N81x2WRiki_VPRQdLTYEY2kq7ipeE7d6DQ9ZM-lKXU4jbmv1UgnkpZODk9MORBX7s-yyfFh6kxtWnJtx5jVE29O1uqOt/s1600/toolsmenu.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="223" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgh_4kAHnqfS3-zQ0GNwNyOdkRK9d6ErTj9hw5uGEBujziufX9-N81x2WRiki_VPRQdLTYEY2kq7ipeE7d6DQ9ZM-lKXU4jbmv1UgnkpZODk9MORBX7s-yyfFh6kxtWnJtx5jVE29O1uqOt/s400/toolsmenu.png" width="400" /></a></div> <span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span><span style="font-size: large;"> Now,we will install some add-ons which we will use later in this course--></span><br /> <span style="font-size: large;">  •Install LiveHTTPHeader form the link below-</span><br /> <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-size: large;">   <a href="https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/live-http-headers/" target="_blank"><b><i>LiveHTTPHeader(Download LInk)</i></b></a></span></div> <span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span><span style="font-size: large;">  •Install "Advanced Cookie Manger" from the link below-</span><br /> <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-size: large;"> <b><i><u> <a href="https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/cookie-manager/" target="_blank">Advanced Cookie Manager(Download Link)</a></u></i></b></span></div> <span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span><span style="font-size: large;">  •Intall "Fireforce" from the link below-</span><br /> <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-size: large;"><b><i><u>   <a href="https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/fireforce/" target="_blank">Firceforce(Download Link)</a></u></i></b></span></div> <span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span><span style="font-size: large;">   Each time you install add-ons you need to restart Firefox.</span><br /> <span style="font-size: large;">   Please ensure that you have these installed on your computer.</span><br /> <span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span><span style="font-size: large;">Check out Installation Video linked below--</span><br /> <span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <br /></div> <iframe width="320" height="266" class="YOUTUBE-iframe-video" data-thumbnail-src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/T1B_t9X2RyQ/0.jpg" src="?feature=player_embedded" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe><br /> <span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span> <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-size: large;">Subscribe to our Youtube channel at- <a href="https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCGSxcMKAa48Zg6DPv_1Y9bQ" target="_blank"><i><span style="color: blue;">https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCGSxcMKAa48Zg6DPv_1Y9bQ</span></i></a></span></div> <br /> <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-size: large; text-align: left;"> If you face any problems in doing this, please get in touch with us.</span></div> <span style="font-size: large;">    Our email address-<a href="mailto:electronicsreavealed@gmail.com" target="_blank"><b><i><span style="color: blue;">electronicsreavealed@gmail.com</span></i></b></a></span><br /> <span style="font-size: large;">   And don't forget to like us on Facebook.</span><br /> <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-size: large;"> <b><i><u> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/electronicsrevealed" target="_blank">https://www.facebook.com/electronicsrevealed</a></u></i></b></span></div> <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-size: large;"><b>And do check our electronics tutorial website-</b></span></div> <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-size: large;"><b><i><a href="http://www.electronicsrevealed.com/" style="background-color: white;" target="_blank">ElectronicsRevealed.com</a></i></b></span></div> <br /> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjONqHsMAQkzXlJEdg_fr1ejtCx3bVcHetNV1KjILaTIlqurZ0Qu5zHVtfP-Jge9HsNS3INrLsi3JMZ0QTWujmNsCDX2xUl5Ngm66IzmIacLmO-r3swOaffFnGzHDE3JKkHPfUmrx1zpbdZ/s1600/hachwack.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="223" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjONqHsMAQkzXlJEdg_fr1ejtCx3bVcHetNV1KjILaTIlqurZ0Qu5zHVtfP-Jge9HsNS3INrLsi3JMZ0QTWujmNsCDX2xUl5Ngm66IzmIacLmO-r3swOaffFnGzHDE3JKkHPfUmrx1zpbdZ/s400/hachwack.png" width="400" /></a></div> <div> <br /></div> </div>

Hacking Tutorial Initial Setup |Revealed

Welcome to Hacking Revealed. Hacking tutorial Episode 1--> INTRODUCTION--> Hacking is the gaining of access(wanted or unwanted)...

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Introduction To AtMega16 |Revealed

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <span style="color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;">A microcontroller is a small computer on a single integrated circuit. It contains a processor, memory, and programmable input/output peripherals. These days, you will find micro-controllers everywhere. If your printer has an LED or LCD screen and input buttons, it contains a microcontroller.</span><br /> <span style="color: #444444;"><br /></span> <br /> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody> <tr><td><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2HlFxue8sDokJQCm-ByCNOXEEuRiQzzMMAdtzNsEwWnvNEbFi9o0zCxANSV0FtMapi2PnRWv2Q0J78zLgup4LxQaUW9G9iscm_C2f9HhKyHGVW6elMLg2pxoqoUblsaqSFPjaOuWcPtxS/s1600/avr.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="color: #444444;"><img border="0" height="176" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2HlFxue8sDokJQCm-ByCNOXEEuRiQzzMMAdtzNsEwWnvNEbFi9o0zCxANSV0FtMapi2PnRWv2Q0J78zLgup4LxQaUW9G9iscm_C2f9HhKyHGVW6elMLg2pxoqoUblsaqSFPjaOuWcPtxS/s400/avr.jpg" width="400" /></span></a></td></tr> <tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 12.8px;"><span style="color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Microcontrollers</span></td></tr> </tbody></table> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="color: #444444;"><br /></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="color: #444444;"><br /></span></div> <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #444444;">ATmega16 is an 8-bit high performance microcontroller of Atmel's Mega AVR family with low power consumption. ATmega16 is a 40 pin microcontroller. There are 32 I/O (input/output) lines which are divided into four 8-bit ports designated as PORTA, PORTB, PORTC and PORTD.</span></span><br /> <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #444444;"><br /></span></span> <br /> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody> <tr><td><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgtdKC6nuJtNngFQcxRt6Usx4DSmuGywMUSridIKUDg50GnCyLjfs7okylwuvVI5dKqZ8GOF6NmDbCQNU_llaIZJHNBDn3S5PaOLYuh3RxkuJAp_eZpbJ6b83D4FiaDVVCdt6Kx_wW0b7sP/s1600/ATMEGA16-16PU-avr-microcontroller-picture.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="color: #444444;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgtdKC6nuJtNngFQcxRt6Usx4DSmuGywMUSridIKUDg50GnCyLjfs7okylwuvVI5dKqZ8GOF6NmDbCQNU_llaIZJHNBDn3S5PaOLYuh3RxkuJAp_eZpbJ6b83D4FiaDVVCdt6Kx_wW0b7sP/s400/ATMEGA16-16PU-avr-microcontroller-picture.jpg" width="400" /></span></a></td></tr> <tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 12.8px;"><span style="color: #444444;">Atmega16 Microconroller</span></td></tr> </tbody></table> <span style="color: #444444;"><br /></span> <br /> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiDnLuzIS5Z8wh1EClzipFN60iMZ3sPOmPFKNyvLVQLVZUIHeI0yFuNWntEoPhgoQg_0CcsLiTKKVThWAzTM-0yxLrAd8O04bCaPz9tgMNhoFcLl3ytV-Z2XQPeE7WxJRli_SlcMwL68Fg7/s1600/ioouas1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="color: #444444;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiDnLuzIS5Z8wh1EClzipFN60iMZ3sPOmPFKNyvLVQLVZUIHeI0yFuNWntEoPhgoQg_0CcsLiTKKVThWAzTM-0yxLrAd8O04bCaPz9tgMNhoFcLl3ytV-Z2XQPeE7WxJRli_SlcMwL68Fg7/s400/ioouas1.jpg" width="370" /></span></a></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <span style="color: #444444;"><br /></span></div> <span style="color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;">Pin 10 of Atmega16 is Vcc pin and must be powered using a 5V DC supply. Pins 11 & 31 are Ground(GND) Pins and must me connected to 0V line.</span><br /> <span style="color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span> <br /> <div> <span style="color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;">Appropriate code must be programmed into Atmega16 in order for it to function perfectly. In order to facilitate this we have 6 pins(MOSI, MISO, SCK, RESET, Vcc and Gnd) on Atmega16. These 6 pins must be connected with the corresponding pins on the Atmega 16 programmer. This Atmega 16 programmer can be connected to PC via USB cable.</span></div> <div> <span style="color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody> <tr><td><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiYoT3sR1GMA3qb_yvud2Ft_1iIS6Mb-7gxhYv2Nr0HT91Lqq_dzklpTK5Y0Snh4Wmm11f2GvJi5qtRqAnzXU6LVbrdGH4OA-yI9fB0tSe0yBKpRMZWy5fL7iw27eXL6pMxkuyEbqnLM6mk/s1600/Burner51-SHOP2_thumb.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="color: #444444;"><img border="0" height="348" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiYoT3sR1GMA3qb_yvud2Ft_1iIS6Mb-7gxhYv2Nr0HT91Lqq_dzklpTK5Y0Snh4Wmm11f2GvJi5qtRqAnzXU6LVbrdGH4OA-yI9fB0tSe0yBKpRMZWy5fL7iw27eXL6pMxkuyEbqnLM6mk/s400/Burner51-SHOP2_thumb.jpg" width="400" /></span></a></td></tr> <tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 12.8px;"><span style="color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">USB Programmer</span></td></tr> </tbody></table> <div> <span style="color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div> <div> <span style="color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;">We can give input and receive output from Atmega16 using Input/Output PORTS. PORTS are collection of PINS. Each PORT consists of 8 I/O PINS.</span></div> <div> <span style="color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <span style="color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgSTbSu_sItkxvS71l9Z74gzivIn-nkno3WchEIY8qRYoHyWtxelQEphHDiF-_cT-92PiHa8ilpetU4HtiiA0cKd-KTfSvKhyPPcbJc5NCK1H4uI-29UxLZFlQRRNOLuRWKUWZrwdsS9PfJ/s1600/embedded-system-10-638.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgSTbSu_sItkxvS71l9Z74gzivIn-nkno3WchEIY8qRYoHyWtxelQEphHDiF-_cT-92PiHa8ilpetU4HtiiA0cKd-KTfSvKhyPPcbJc5NCK1H4uI-29UxLZFlQRRNOLuRWKUWZrwdsS9PfJ/s400/embedded-system-10-638.jpg" width="400" /></a></span></div> <br /> <br /> <div> </div> <br /> <div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px;"> <div style="margin: 0px;"> <span style="color: #444444;"><br /></span></div> </div> </div>

Introduction To AtMega16 |Revealed

A microcontroller is a small computer on a single integrated circuit. It contains a processor, memory, and programmable input/output periph...

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Setting Up WordPress On Raspberry Pi |Revealed

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;">WordPress is a PHP and MySQL based open source blogging platform and content management system. It is a popular blogging system and includes features like threaded comments, galleries, revision histories, trash, custom post types, thousands of themes, widgets and plug-ins. This article describes the setting up of a web server for WordPress on Raspberry Pi. </span></div> <div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div> <h3> <span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large; text-align: justify;">Apache web server installation</span><span style="color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large; text-align: justify;">-</span></h3> </div> <span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #444444;">Apache, a web server application notable for playing a key role in the initial growth of the World Wide Web, is used to serve web pages. Follow the procedure given below to install it on Raspberry Pi.</span><br /><br /><span style="color: #444444;">1. Install apache2 package by executing the following command (also see Fig. 1):</span></span><br /> <span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #444444;"><br /></span></span><span style="background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"> </span><br /> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody> <tr><td><img border="" height="72" src="http://www.electronicsforu.com/electronicsforu/circuitarchives/my_documents/my_pictures/174_Fig_1.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="400" /></td></tr> <tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 12.8px;"><i style="color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-large; text-align: start;"> </i><span style="color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; text-align: start;"><span style="font-size: small;">Fig. 1: Installing apache2 package</span></span></td></tr> </tbody></table> <br /> <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large; text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: #ffe599;">$ sudo apt-get install apache2 –</span><span style="background-color: #ffe599;">y</span></span></div> <span style="color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large; text-align: justify;"><br /><span style="background-color: white;">2. After this installation, Apache sever will be running. Thereafter you can start or stop it by running the following commands (also see Figs 2 and 3):</span></span><br /> <table align="center" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="height: 103px; width: 366px;"><tbody> <tr><td><span style="background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">  <img border="" height="77" src="http://www.electronicsforu.com/electronicsforu/circuitarchives/my_documents/my_pictures/65C_A52_Fig_2.jpg" width="347" /></span></span><br /> <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">   </span>Fig. 2: Starting Apache server</span></div> <span style="background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"></span></td></tr> </tbody></table> <span style="background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large; text-align: justify;"><br /></span> <br /> <table align="center" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="height: 82px; width: 362px;"><tbody> <tr><td><span style="background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">  <img border="" height="61" src="http://www.electronicsforu.com/electronicsforu/circuitarchives/my_documents/my_pictures/2FF_Fig_3.jpg" width="347" /></span></span><br /> <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">  </span>Fig. 3: Stopping Apache server</span></div> <span style="background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"></span></td></tr> </tbody></table> <span style="color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large; text-align: justify;"><br /></span> <br /> <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large; text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: #ffe599;">$ sudo service apache2 start</span></span></div> <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large; text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: #ffe599;">$ sudo service apache2 stop</span></span></div> <span style="color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large; text-align: justify;"><br /><span style="background-color: white;">3. Apache server by default creates a test HTML file in web folder. This can be served when http://localhost/ is browsed on the Raspberry Pi or http://192.168.2.104 (IP address of the Raspberry Pi in our case, but can be different in your case) from any other computer on the network.</span><br /><br /><span style="background-color: white;">Browse the default web page and you will see the message shown in Fig. 4 appear on the screen.</span></span><br /> <table align="center" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="height: 131px; width: 359px;"><tbody> <tr><td><span style="background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"> <img border="" height="105" src="http://www.electronicsforu.com/electronicsforu/circuitarchives/my_documents/my_pictures/6ZC_Fig_4.jpg" width="347" /></span></span><br /> <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"> </span>Fig. 4: Browser default HTML page</span></div> <span style="background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"></span></td></tr> </tbody></table> <span style="color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large; text-align: justify;"><br /><span style="background-color: white;">4. Change the default web page as per your requirement. The default web page is an HTML file on the file system and is located at /var/www/index.html. Execute the following command on terminal to navigate and have a look on the file:</span></span><br /> <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large; text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: #ffe599;">$ cd /var/www</span></span></div> <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large; text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: #ffe599;">$ ls -al</span></span></div> <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large; text-align: justify;"><br /></span></div> <span style="color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large; text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: white;"><b>You will see the following:</b></span><br /><br /><span style="background-color: white;">total 12</span><br /><span style="background-color: white;">drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Mar 2 </span><br /><span style="background-color: white;">03:15 .</span><br /><span style="background-color: white;">drwxr-xr-x 12 root root 4096 Mar 2 </span><br /><span style="background-color: white;">03:15 ..</span><br /><span style="background-color: white;">-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 177 Mar 2 </span><br /><span style="background-color: white;">03:16 index.html</span><br /><br /><span style="background-color: white;">This shows that there is one file called index.html in /var/www/. The ‘.’ (dot) at the end of line 2 refers to the directory itself/var/www/ and the ‘..’ at the end of line 3 refers to the parent directory /var/.</span><br /><br /><span style="background-color: white;"><b>Meaning of each column in the previous file is:</b></span><br /><br /><span style="background-color: white;">1. File or directory permissions</span><br /><span style="background-color: white;">2. Number of files in the directory (1 in case of a file)</span><br /><span style="background-color: white;">3. User who owns directory or file</span><br /><span style="background-color: white;">4. Group which owns the directory or file</span><br /><span style="background-color: white;">5. File size</span><br /><span style="background-color: white;">6. Date and time of last modification</span><br /><br /><span style="background-color: white;">In order to edit the directory and file, you should log in as root user. Edit the index.html file using either of the following commands.</span></span><br /> <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large; text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: #ffe599;">$ sudo chown pi: index.html</span></span></div> <span style="color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large; text-align: justify;"></span><br /> <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large; text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: #ffe599;">$ sudo nano index.html</span></span></div> <span style="color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large; text-align: justify;"><br /><span style="background-color: white;">Try editing/changing this file and refreshing the browser to see the web page changes.</span><br /><br /><span style="background-color: white;">Next step is to install PHP and MYSQL, which are used to create your own site and publish your own content dynamically, without knowing how to program those pages. </span><br /><b style="background-color: white;"><br /></b></span><br /> <h3> <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large; text-align: justify;"><b style="background-color: white;">PHP installation-</b></span></h3> <span style="color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large; text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: white;">Install PHP by executing the following command (also see Fig. 5):</span></span><br /> <table align="center" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="height: 44px; width: 493px;"><tbody> <tr><td><span style="background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"> <img border="" height="42" src="http://www.electronicsforu.com/electronicsforu/circuitarchives/my_documents/my_pictures/38F_Fig_5.jpg" width="482" /></span></span><br /> <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><i style="font-size: x-large;"> </i>Fig. 5: Installation of all PHP packages</span></div> <span style="background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"></span></td></tr> </tbody></table> <span style="color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large; text-align: justify;"><br /></span> <br /> <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large; text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: #ffe599;">$ sudo apt-get install php5 libap</span></span></div> <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large; text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: #ffe599;">ache-mod-php5 php5-intl php5-mcrypt </span></span></div> <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large; text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: #ffe599;">php5-curl php5-sqlite</span></span></div> <span style="color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large; text-align: justify;"><br /><span style="background-color: white;">To check whether PHP has been installed properly, move index.html file to index.php using following command (also see Fig. 6):</span></span><br /> <table align="center" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="height: 80px; width: 384px;"><tbody> <tr><td><span style="background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"> <img border="" height="51" src="http://www.electronicsforu.com/electronicsforu/circuitarchives/my_documents/my_pictures/622_Fig_6.jpg" width="371" /></span><br /><span style="font-size: large;"> </span>Fig. 6: Moving index.html file to index.php file</span></td></tr> </tbody></table> <span style="color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large; text-align: justify;"><br /></span> <br /> <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large; text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: #ffe599;">$ sudo mv index.html index.php</span></span></div> <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large; text-align: justify;"><br /></span></div> <span style="color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large; text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: white;"><b>Now edit the file:</b></span></span><br /> <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large; text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: #ffe599;">$ sudo nano index.php</span></span></div> <span style="color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large; text-align: justify;"><br /><span style="background-color: white;">Put following text in index.php after opening the nano editor:</span><br /><br /><span style="background-color: white;">Save and then refresh the browser. You should see ‘hello world’ on your browser. This is served by the PHP and is not dynamic. </span></span><br /> <h3> <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large; text-align: justify;"><b style="background-color: white;">Installing MYSQL database management system-</b></span></h3> <span style="color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large; text-align: justify;"><b style="background-color: white;"><br /></b><span style="background-color: white;">Execute the following command to install MSQL (also see Fig. 7):</span></span><br /> <table align="center" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="height: 81px; width: 462px;"><tbody> <tr><td><span style="background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"> <img border="" height="49" src="http://www.electronicsforu.com/electronicsforu/circuitarchives/my_documents/my_pictures/73C_Fig_7.jpg" width="451" /></span></span><br /> <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"> </span>Fig. 7: Installing MYSQL</span></div> <span style="background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"></span></td></tr> </tbody></table> <span style="color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large; text-align: justify;"><br /></span> <br /> <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large; text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: #ffe599;">$ sudo apt-get install mysql-</span></span></div> <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large; text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: #ffe599;">server mysql-client php5-mysql</span></span></div> <span style="color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large; text-align: justify;"><br /><span style="background-color: white;">Enter the password of your choice for the top-level MSQL user, who will be managing MSQL but is not root user of the Raspberry Pi operating system. Stop and start the apache2 server.   </span><br /><span style="background-color: white;">  </span><b style="background-color: white;"><br />WordPress download-</b></span><br /> <span style="color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large; text-align: justify;"><b><br /></b><span style="background-color: white;">Download WordPress by running wget command on the terminal. You can find the latest version at wordpress.org/latest.tar.gz and wordpress.org/latest.zip</span><br /><br /><span style="background-color: white;">Download the WordPress to /var/www/ location. You will have to empty the folder first. Now change the ownership of this folder to the Pi user using following command:</span></span><br /> <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large; text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: #ffe599;">$ cd /var/www</span></span></div> <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large; text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: #ffe599;">$ chown pi:</span></span></div> <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large; text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: #ffe599;">$ rm *</span></span></div> <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large; text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: #ffe599;">$ wget http://wordpress.org/</span></span></div> <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large; text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: #ffe599;">latest.</span></span></div> <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large; text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: #ffe599;">tar.gz</span></span></div> <span style="color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large; text-align: justify;"><br /><span style="background-color: white;"><b>Or you can download it directly from the link mentioned below:</b></span><br /><br /><span style="background-color: white;">http://wordpress.org/latest.</span><br /><span style="background-color: white;">tar.gz</span><br /><br /><span style="background-color: white;">Extract the tarball using following command:</span><br /><br /><span style="background-color: #ffe599;">$ tar xzf wordpress-3.9.1.tar.gz</span><br /><br /><span style="background-color: white;">Move the contents of folder to the current directory.</span><br /><br /><span style="background-color: #ffe599;">$ sudo mv wordpress/*</span><br /><br /><span style="background-color: white;">Remove the folder (which is now empty) and tarball to tidy up.</span><br /><br /><span style="background-color: #ffe599;">$ sudo rm -rf wordpress-3.9.1.tar.gz</span><br /><br /><span style="background-color: white;">To see the content of the WordPress project, run the ls or tree-L1 command. You will see the project as given below. It is the source of a default WordPress installation.</span><br /><br /><span style="background-color: white;">├── index.php</span><br /><span style="background-color: white;">├── license.txt</span><br /><span style="background-color: white;">├── readme.html</span><br /><span style="background-color: white;">├── wp-activate.php</span><br /><span style="background-color: white;">├── wp-admin</span><br /><span style="background-color: white;">├── wp-blog-header.php</span><br /><span style="background-color: white;">├── wp-comments-post.php</span><br /><span style="background-color: white;">├── wp-config-sample.php</span><br /><span style="background-color: white;">├── wp-content</span><br /><span style="background-color: white;">├── wp-cron.php</span><br /><span style="background-color: white;">├── wp-includes</span><br /><span style="background-color: white;">├── wp-links-opml.php</span><br /><span style="background-color: white;">├── wp-load.php</span><br /><span style="background-color: white;">├── wp-login.php</span><br /><span style="background-color: white;">├── wp-mail.php</span><br /><span style="background-color: white;">├── wp-settings.php</span><br /><span style="background-color: white;">├── wp-signup.php</span><br /><span style="background-color: white;">├── wp-trackback.php</span><br /><span style="background-color: white;">└── xmlrpc.php</span><br /><br /><span style="background-color: white;">The files for editing to customise installation is in the ‘wp-content’ folder.</span></span><br /> <h3> <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large; text-align: justify;"><b style="background-color: white;">Setting up WordPress database-</b></span></h3> <div> <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large; text-align: justify;"><b style="background-color: white;"><br /></b></span></div> <span style="color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large; text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: white;">To set up WordPress site, you will require a database such as MYSQL.</span><br /><br /><span style="background-color: white;">Run the mysql command in the terminal and provide the login credentials (username is ‘root’ and password is ‘password’) as given below:</span><br /><br /><span style="background-color: #ffe599;">$ mysql -uroot –ppassword</span><br /><br /><span style="background-color: white;">Create the database that the WordPress installation will use:</span><br /><br /><span style="background-color: #ffe599;">$ mysql> create database wordpress;</span><br /><br /><span style="background-color: white;">Do not miss the semi-colon at the end of the statement. After creating the database, you should see the following message:</span><br /><br /><span style="background-color: white;">Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)</span><br /><br /><span style="background-color: white;">Exit MySQL using Ctrl + D keys.</span><br /><br /><b style="background-color: white;">WordPress configuration-</b></span><br /> <span style="color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large; text-align: justify;"><b><br /></b><span style="background-color: white;">To access the Raspberry Pi in the browser, navigate to http://192.168.2.104 (IP address of your Raspberry Pi). In case you do not know the IP, check it by running the command hostname–I on the terminal.</span><br /><br /><span style="background-color: white;">You should see the error page; this is good! Click the button marked as ‘Create a Configuration File’ followed by ‘Let’s go!’ button on the next page.</span><br /><br /><span style="background-color: white;">Now, fill basic site information as mentioned below:</span><br /><br /><span style="background-color: white;">Database Name: wordpress</span><br /><span style="background-color: white;">User Name: root</span><br /><span style="background-color: white;">Password: </span><your password="" style="background-color: white;"><br />Database Host: localhost<br />Table Prefix: wp_<br /><br />Upon successful database connection, you will get the contents of your wp-config.php file as shown in Fig. 8.</your></span><br /> <table align="center" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="height: 275px; width: 383px;"><tbody> <tr><td><span style="background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"> <img border="" height="249" src="http://www.electronicsforu.com/electronicsforu/circuitarchives/my_documents/my_pictures/772_Fig_8.jpg" width="371" /></span></span><br /> <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"> </span>Fig. 8: The wp-config.php file page</span></div> <span style="background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"></span></td></tr> </tbody></table> <span style="color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large; text-align: justify;"><your password="" style="background-color: white;"><br />Copy this text. Then return to the Pi terminal and open the nano editor by running the command nano wp-config.php. Paste the copied text into the blank wp-config.php file. Save this file and exit the nano editor. Then come back to Fig. 8 and hit ‘Run the install’ button.<br /><br />You should see a ‘Welcome’ screen as shown in Fig. 9. Fill in the required information shown in this window.</your></span><br /> <table align="center" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="height: 352px; width: 384px;"><tbody> <tr><td><span style="background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"> <img border="" height="326" src="http://www.electronicsforu.com/electronicsforu/circuitarchives/my_documents/my_pictures/ZC7_Fig_9.jpg" width="371" /></span></span><br /> <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"> </span>Fig. 9: Welcome screen on WordPress</span></div> <span style="background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"></span></td></tr> </tbody></table> <span style="color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large; text-align: justify;"><your password="" style="background-color: white;"><br />Now, you will get your web page on the screen. The web page with customised theme is shown in Fig. 10.</your></span><br /> <table align="center" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="height: 206px; width: 556px;"><tbody> <tr><td><div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"> </span><img border="" height="149" src="http://www.electronicsforu.com/electronicsforu/circuitarchives/my_documents/my_pictures/D8C_Fig_10.jpg" style="background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-large;" width="400" /></div> <span style="background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"></span><br /> <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> Fig. 10: WordPress hosted on Raspberry Pi</span></div> <span style="background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"></span></td></tr> </tbody></table> <span style="color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large; text-align: justify;"><your password="" style="background-color: white;"><br />If you want to do some changes in your web page, write the IP address on the address bar as given below (also shown in Fig. 11):</your></span><br /> <table align="center" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="height: 195px; width: 465px;"><tbody> <tr><td><span style="background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">  <img border="" height="169" src="http://www.electronicsforu.com/electronicsforu/circuitarchives/my_documents/my_pictures/8BC_Fig_11.jpg" width="444" /></span></span><br /> <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">  </span>Fig. 11: Entering IP address for making changes</span></div> <span style="background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"></span></td></tr> </tbody></table> <span style="color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large; text-align: justify;"><br /></span> <br /> <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large; text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: #ffe599;">192.168.2.104/wp-admin</span></span></div> <span style="color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large; text-align: justify;"><br /><span style="background-color: white;">A window will open on the screen for entering your username and password as shown in Fig. 12. Fill the information, give a title to your site and create username and password. </span><br /><span style="background-color: white;">You can make changes in your web page from the admin web page as shown in Fig. 13. </span></span><br /> <span style="color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large; text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: white;"><br /></span></span> <br /> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody> <tr><td><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjKXpJUrsdExdLlgYUrrbkf8vnICC8nPw9DmvnztqJqQ5AbhEvU39taPFItOCjlmRhipQsQxLrq25MgRrqParkBOdMHzp7a4hWE43JXwGmDds3x1M13AwgTDYhKGxZdJHS1QoX5JoFey9dB/s1600/9BC_Fig_12.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="270" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjKXpJUrsdExdLlgYUrrbkf8vnICC8nPw9DmvnztqJqQ5AbhEvU39taPFItOCjlmRhipQsQxLrq25MgRrqParkBOdMHzp7a4hWE43JXwGmDds3x1M13AwgTDYhKGxZdJHS1QoX5JoFey9dB/s400/9BC_Fig_12.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr> <tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 12.8px;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; text-align: start;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Fig. 12: Entering username and password </span></span></td></tr> </tbody></table> <span style="color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large; text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: white;"><br /></span></span> <br /> <table align="center" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%px;"><tbody> <tr><td><div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"> </span><img border="" height="223" src="http://www.electronicsforu.com/electronicsforu/circuitarchives/my_documents/my_pictures/5DA_Fig_13.jpg" style="color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-large;" width="400" /></div> <span style="background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"></span><br /> <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"> </span><span style="font-size: large; font-style: italic;"> </span>Fig. 13: Admin page to make changes on your web page </span></div> <span style="background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"></span></td></tr> </tbody></table> <br /> <div> <span style="color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;">That's Done!...Now you can use WordPress from your Raspberry Pi.</span></div> </div>

Setting Up WordPress On Raspberry Pi |Revealed

WordPress is a PHP and MySQL based open source blogging platform and content management system. It is a popular blogging system and includ...

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Blinking LEDs Using Arduino |Revealed

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"> <span style="color: #444444; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">In this post you will see an introduction to Arduino and a demontration on LEDs blinking using Arduino UNO.</span></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <br /></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEireqbP39Px4cbot6Sxwpt-HOsZb4XTLjPjQaV39q5vkgnAjdf10F9Cag7V82NSu-Htd5IOlvJ0y5y1gijpCW_nhaJxc11_sfahVLJke28_M5OBoG2PabZFSF14j97vnaakyWSh4a4cZYDl/s1600/arduino_uno_R3_pinout.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="406" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEireqbP39Px4cbot6Sxwpt-HOsZb4XTLjPjQaV39q5vkgnAjdf10F9Cag7V82NSu-Htd5IOlvJ0y5y1gijpCW_nhaJxc11_sfahVLJke28_M5OBoG2PabZFSF14j97vnaakyWSh4a4cZYDl/s640/arduino_uno_R3_pinout.jpg" width="640" /></a></div> <br /> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="color: #444444; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Arduino is an open-source computer hardware and software company, project and user community that designs and manufactures microcontroller-based kits for building digital devices and interactive objects that can sense and control the physical world.</span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="color: #444444; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div> <div style="orphans: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px; widows: 1;"> <div style="margin: 0px;"> <span style="background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large; line-height: 22.4px;">An Arduino board is specially designed circuit board which is used for both Programming</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large; line-height: 22.4px;"> and Prototyping. In Arduino UNO R3, ATmega328 microcontroller chip is used.</span></div> <div style="margin: 0px;"> <span style="background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large; line-height: 22.4px;"><br /></span></div> <div style="margin: 0px;"> <span style="background-color: white; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large; line-height: 22.4px;">Key Features of Arduino UNO -</span></div> <div style="margin: 0px;"> <span style="background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large; line-height: 22.4px;"><br /></span></div> <div style="margin: 0px;"> <span style="background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large; line-height: 22.4px;">1) An open source design</span></div> <div style="margin: 0px;"> <span style="background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large; line-height: 22.4px;">2) An easy USB interface</span></div> <div style="margin: 0px;"> <span style="background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large; line-height: 22.4px;">3) Very convenient power management and built-in voltage regulation</span></div> <div style="margin: 0px;"> <span style="background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large; line-height: 22.4px;">4) An easily available and cheap microcontroller</span></div> <div style="margin: 0px;"> <span style="background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large; line-height: 22.4px;">5) It comes with a 16 MHz clock and 32 KB of flash memory</span></div> <div style="margin: 0px;"> <span style="background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large; line-height: 22.4px;">6) It has 13 Digital pins and 6 Analog pins</span></div> <div style="margin: 0px;"> <span style="background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large; line-height: 22.4px;">7) An onboard LED and Reset Button.</span></div> <div style="margin: 0px;"> <span style="background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large; line-height: 22.4px;"><br /></span></div> <div style="margin: 0px;"> <span style="background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large; line-height: 22.4px;">Now, the demonstration of simple LED blinking using Arduino UNO R3 is given below in the video:</span></div> <div style="margin: 0px;"> <br /></div> <div style="margin: 0px;"> <span style="background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large; line-height: 22.4px;"><br /></span></div> <div style="margin: 0px;"> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <iframe allowfullscreen="" class="YOUTUBE-iframe-video" data-thumbnail-src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/rLQzuHBinBE/0.jpg" frameborder="0" height="266" src="?feature=player_embedded" width="320"></iframe><iframe width="320" height="266" class="YOUTUBE-iframe-video" data-thumbnail-src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/rLQzuHBinBE/0.jpg" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/rLQzuHBinBE?feature=player_embedded" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe></div> <span style="background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large; line-height: 22.4px;"><br /></span></div> <div style="margin: 0px;"> <br /></div> <div style="margin: 0px;"> <span style="background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large; line-height: 22.4px;"><br /></span></div> <div style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"> <span style="background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large; line-height: 22.4px;">The link for Arduino IDE - </span></div> <div style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"> <span style="background-color: white; color: blue; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large; line-height: 22.4px;"><i><a href="http://bc.vc/ZsdIzq">http://bc.vc/ZsdIzq</a></i></span></div> <div style="margin: 0px;"> <span style="background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large; line-height: 22.4px;"><br /></span></div> <div style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"> <span style="background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large; line-height: 22.4px;">And this is the link for Arduino programs -</span></div> <div style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"> <span style="color: blue; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><i><a href="http://bc.vc/QKsW4n">http://bc.vc/QKsW4n</a></i></span></div> <div style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"> <span style="color: blue; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div> <div style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"> </div> </div> </div>

Blinking LEDs Using Arduino |Revealed

In this post you will see an introduction to Arduino and a demontration on LEDs blinking using Arduino UNO. Arduino is an open-sour...

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A Quick Overview Of Electronics components |Revealed

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <br /> <ul> <li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;">BREADBOARD-</span></li> </ul> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 22.4px;">A breadboard is a construction base for prototyping of electronics.Because the solderless breadboard does not require soldering, it is reusable. This makes it easy to use for creating temporary prototypes and experimenting with circuit design.</span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="background-color: white; line-height: 22.4px;"><span style="color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></div> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody> <tr><td><img border="0" height="232" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEir8RzQCxUlllNBoUbqUS_VGEIlngnA49J4SRoy1c22WRHTDcf2JBpSGC8Ergisnzp3oKVlVrfsPjqZ_PY6rUA6yeuAm6a3ROCvxbmLJxxD5inZ7ii7UzNmBW7SWxJcGf8T71vFcNN-X2B2/s400/breadlaye1.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="400" /></td></tr> <tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 12.8px;"><span style="background-color: white;">Breadboard</span></td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEir8RzQCxUlllNBoUbqUS_VGEIlngnA49J4SRoy1c22WRHTDcf2JBpSGC8Ergisnzp3oKVlVrfsPjqZ_PY6rUA6yeuAm6a3ROCvxbmLJxxD5inZ7ii7UzNmBW7SWxJcGf8T71vFcNN-X2B2/s1600/breadlaye1.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"></span></a></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div> <div> </div> <ul> <li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;">MULTIMETER-</span></li> </ul> <br /> <ol class="lr_dct_sf_sens" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 20px;"> <li style="border: 0px; line-height: 1.2; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><div class="lr_dct_sf_sen vk_txt" style="font-weight: lighter !important; padding-top: 10px;"> <div style="margin-left: 20px;"> <div class="_Jig" style="margin-left: -20px; text-align: justify;"> <div data-dobid="dfn" style="display: inline;"> <span style="color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;">Multimerer is an instrument designed to measure electric current, voltage, and usually resistance, typically over several ranges of value.</span></div> </div> </div> </div> </li> </ol> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;"><br /></span></span></div> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody> <tr><td><img border="0" height="268" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhiaERytA3tf2anyO3ozZxrWtDHcfJWYzC6n1m35S75DWQwMuIi_Jh0aC5mU8CXV7xGbU8qnnKgYiI9UQxRAi7QGlJ5hZDBcvfltmTJs8dTy-0K-wgsgo1CmOowXj4czjxohkK9UFmgGovn/s400/multimeterpictr.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="400" /></td></tr> <tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 12.8px;">Multimeter</td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhiaERytA3tf2anyO3ozZxrWtDHcfJWYzC6n1m35S75DWQwMuIi_Jh0aC5mU8CXV7xGbU8qnnKgYiI9UQxRAi7QGlJ5hZDBcvfltmTJs8dTy-0K-wgsgo1CmOowXj4czjxohkK9UFmgGovn/s1600/multimeterpictr.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"></span></a></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;"><br /></span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;"><br /></span></span></div> <div> <ul> <li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;">RESISTORS-</span></span></li> </ul> <ol data-ved="0CB0Q_xdqFQoTCPGigP-LvMcCFccKjgodWz8B8w" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; line-height: 15.6px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> <li class="mod" data-md="61" style="border: 0px; clear: none; line-height: 1.24; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 20px;"><div class="_oDd" data-hveid="37" style="overflow: hidden; padding-bottom: 20px; text-align: justify;"> <span class="_Tgc"><span style="color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;">A<b> </b>resistor is a passive two-terminal electrical component that implements electrical resistance as a circuit element. Resistors act to reduce current flow, and, at the same time, act to lower voltage levels within circuits.</span></span></div> </li> <li class="mod" data-md="61" style="border: 0px; clear: none; line-height: 1.24; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 20px;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody> <tr><td><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgszBGPiIwpAuk5nN7fFD8qecFULwQRGO-WtyJhunITsAyWUv4unFJlab9NhauGvsbNbC7wLMxdJT4NYh9I0I_0fn4w0Qwz8wJzwbnpvYmTpgW_dJzNZ-2oh_SDqORDzA8HdDBpiK3x4o2r/s400/logo+color+code.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="398" /></td></tr> <tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 12.8px;">Resistor color code chart</td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgszBGPiIwpAuk5nN7fFD8qecFULwQRGO-WtyJhunITsAyWUv4unFJlab9NhauGvsbNbC7wLMxdJT4NYh9I0I_0fn4w0Qwz8wJzwbnpvYmTpgW_dJzNZ-2oh_SDqORDzA8HdDBpiK3x4o2r/s1600/logo+color+code.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"></span></a></div> <div class="_oDd" data-hveid="37" style="overflow: hidden; padding-bottom: 20px; text-align: justify;"> <span class="_Tgc"><span style="color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></div> </li> </ol> </div> <div> <ul> <li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;">POTENTIOMETERS-</span></span></li> </ul> <ol data-ved="0CB0Q_xdqFQoTCNDq-96NvMcCFUMEjgodoOsI9g" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> <li class="mod" data-md="61" style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; clear: none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 20px;"><div class="_oDd" data-hveid="37" style="overflow: hidden; padding-bottom: 20px; text-align: justify;"> <span style="color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 29.76px;">A potentiometer is an instrument for measuring the potential (voltage) in a circuit. Before the introduction of the moving coil and digital volt meters, potentiometers were used in measuring voltage, hence the '-meter' part of their name.</span></span></div> </li> <li class="mod" data-md="61" style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; clear: none; line-height: 1.24; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 20px;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: right;"> </div> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody> <tr><td><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhX8cbidvflSGmcN9sQxyBPxrqzGPr4g_93MhVanxYizTI5wJhjGqjVVa-7J8UHa3n1H168_JZWosZ8FNwS2QagetYNKt6PoUfDWjF4XcCIFkQoG_-CB0ayeED7rFN-CCGuX3iNsbvLzZXR/s400/Potentiometer.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="341" /></td></tr> <tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 12.8px;">Potentiometer</td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhX8cbidvflSGmcN9sQxyBPxrqzGPr4g_93MhVanxYizTI5wJhjGqjVVa-7J8UHa3n1H168_JZWosZ8FNwS2QagetYNKt6PoUfDWjF4XcCIFkQoG_-CB0ayeED7rFN-CCGuX3iNsbvLzZXR/s1600/Potentiometer.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"></span></a></div> <div class="_oDd" data-hveid="37" style="overflow: hidden; padding-bottom: 20px; text-align: justify;"> <span class="_Tgc"><span style="color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></div> </li> <li class="mod" data-md="61" style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; clear: none; line-height: 1.24; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 20px;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody> <tr><td><img border="0" height="273" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNEDX7PjCGUC-SD9SHY2iYaOANghQ2qn27WP82R6XvecsHrDYPGrwprHtXcfNSE_cJPMc9YclxnR7swcQoL3FZi6wkA_O4cAr6OWAQdT0kHweDJd05ljwm08FdnVQvLfkgbxE0ZX4tYQ0h/s400/potentiometer.gif" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="400" /></td></tr> <tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 12.8px;">Schematic diagram of Potentiometer</td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNEDX7PjCGUC-SD9SHY2iYaOANghQ2qn27WP82R6XvecsHrDYPGrwprHtXcfNSE_cJPMc9YclxnR7swcQoL3FZi6wkA_O4cAr6OWAQdT0kHweDJd05ljwm08FdnVQvLfkgbxE0ZX4tYQ0h/s1600/potentiometer.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"></span></a></div> <div class="_oDd" data-hveid="37" style="overflow: hidden; padding-bottom: 20px; text-align: justify;"> <span class="_Tgc"><span style="color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></div> </li> </ol> </div> <div> <ul> <li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;">SWITCHES-</span></span></li> </ul> <span style="background-color: white; line-height: 19.2px;"></span><br /> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="background-color: white; line-height: 19.2px;"><span style="color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 19.2px;">A </span><span style="line-height: 19.2px;">switch</span><span style="line-height: 19.2px;"> is an electrical component that can break an electrical circuit, interrupting the current or diverting it from one conductor to another.</span></span></span></div> <span style="background-color: white; line-height: 19.2px;"></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="background-color: white; line-height: 19.2px;"><span style="color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></div> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody> <tr><td><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj4wYw0WbfTi1Ve_2n9QdtLBWmTDChNgNENX8V3fCqiWqYpJWGqL_bEOX43B2NRKPAl1cavksr3FCBtGX7WYtu8Ssdyjg697cFXS7JaLOhm0fUrq5vYBKwr-Vn-ZV6lZasDE13GyBj0BJg1/s320/Standard-Power-Switches.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="320" /></td></tr> <tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 12.8px;">Switches</td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj4wYw0WbfTi1Ve_2n9QdtLBWmTDChNgNENX8V3fCqiWqYpJWGqL_bEOX43B2NRKPAl1cavksr3FCBtGX7WYtu8Ssdyjg697cFXS7JaLOhm0fUrq5vYBKwr-Vn-ZV6lZasDE13GyBj0BJg1/s1600/Standard-Power-Switches.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"></span></a></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody> <tr><td><img border="0" height="253" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh4ezweRaH4EjfAyEcxO0_mbI8Tjh1xIMZoWCrHzpMIXHZK9eKAuAq652KW1DIHZTb-cg2Z54I_CkptL1c_7rVkQHLia3_cWoIUkgK5WXxxNMaLGASoKc84-5ZWKytm4LgcCgJyX9NE-CjF/s320/switchsymb.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="320" /></td></tr> <tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 12.8px;">Types of Switches</td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh4ezweRaH4EjfAyEcxO0_mbI8Tjh1xIMZoWCrHzpMIXHZK9eKAuAq652KW1DIHZTb-cg2Z54I_CkptL1c_7rVkQHLia3_cWoIUkgK5WXxxNMaLGASoKc84-5ZWKytm4LgcCgJyX9NE-CjF/s1600/switchsymb.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"></span></a></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="background-color: white; line-height: 19.2px;"><span style="color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;"><br /></span></span></div> <div> <ul> <li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;">LEDs-</span></span></li> </ul> <span style="background-color: white; line-height: 22.4px;"></span><br /> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="background-color: white; line-height: 22.4px;"><span style="color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 22.4px;">A </span><span style="line-height: 22.4px;">light-emitting diode</span><span style="line-height: 22.4px;"> (</span><span style="line-height: 22.4px;">LED</span><span style="line-height: 22.4px;">) is a two-lead </span><span style="background-color: transparent;">semiconductor</span><span style="line-height: 22.4px;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent;">light source</span><span style="line-height: 22.4px;">. It is a </span><span style="background-color: transparent;">p–n junction</span><span style="line-height: 22.4px;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent;">diode</span><span style="line-height: 22.4px;">, which emits light when activated.</span></span></span></div> <span style="background-color: white; line-height: 22.4px;"></span></div> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody> <tr><td><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhmFgZJWIy71MR3WwCWXnFgD59mqNz_580cG7UQQ_z5mydRHTd29QS0fDHPZaJQbF25ykGV7WPsH5PDzMCn-mp6OLRtYHx_hK_wp2CJOeLUIvkqyl4eeEdEzCHdWJR_Vm-B9qX2Zb9kmoW6/s320/LED-polarity.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="296" /></td></tr> <tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 12.8px;">LED</td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhmFgZJWIy71MR3WwCWXnFgD59mqNz_580cG7UQQ_z5mydRHTd29QS0fDHPZaJQbF25ykGV7WPsH5PDzMCn-mp6OLRtYHx_hK_wp2CJOeLUIvkqyl4eeEdEzCHdWJR_Vm-B9qX2Zb9kmoW6/s1600/LED-polarity.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"></span></a></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="background-color: white; line-height: 22.4px;"><span style="color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;"><br /></span></span></div> <div> <ul> <li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;">MOTORS-</span></span></li> </ul> <ol style="background-color: white; border: 0px; line-height: 15.6px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> <li class="mod" data-md="61" style="border: 0px; clear: none; line-height: 1.2; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 20px;"><div class="_oDd" data-hveid="35" style="overflow: hidden; padding-bottom: 20px; text-align: justify;"> <span class="_Tgc"><span style="color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;">An electric motor is an electrical machine that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy. The reverse of this would be the conversion of mechanical energy into electrical energy and is done by an electric generator.</span></span></div> </li> <li class="mod" data-md="61" style="border: 0px; clear: none; line-height: 1.2; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 20px;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody> <tr><td><img border="0" height="125" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjeHOUW-dkKzbY-oYzTqIQjXAbPyiaEpbQ49eCyThhNu5rZG-ShNRLccq8IXHRqn5ocuItLXoEBtYtNZ2XSA33HUtCTG09XVFmDhVtwoxJ4nsapuaKzGQlAHjOSgus0Kx69oxoIV5UshUV7/s400/dc-motors.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="400" /></td></tr> <tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 12.8px;">DC Motors</td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjeHOUW-dkKzbY-oYzTqIQjXAbPyiaEpbQ49eCyThhNu5rZG-ShNRLccq8IXHRqn5ocuItLXoEBtYtNZ2XSA33HUtCTG09XVFmDhVtwoxJ4nsapuaKzGQlAHjOSgus0Kx69oxoIV5UshUV7/s1600/dc-motors.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"></span></a></div> <div class="_oDd" data-hveid="35" style="overflow: hidden; padding-bottom: 20px; text-align: justify;"> <span class="_Tgc"><span style="color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></div> </li> </ol> </div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;"><br /></span></span></div> <div> <ul> <li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;">BATTERIES-</span></span></li> </ul> <span style="background-color: white; line-height: 22.4px;"></span><br /> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="background-color: white; line-height: 22.4px;"><span style="color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 22.4px;">An electric </span><span style="line-height: 22.4px;">battery</span><span style="line-height: 22.4px;"> is a device consisting of two or more </span><span style="background-color: transparent;">electrochemical cells</span><span style="line-height: 22.4px;"> that convert stored chemical energy into electrical energy. Each cell has a positive terminal, or </span><span style="background-color: transparent;">cathode</span><span style="line-height: 22.4px;">, and a negative terminal, or </span>anode<span style="line-height: 22.4px;">. The terminal marked positive is at a higher electrical potential energy than is the terminal marked negative.</span></span></span></div> <span style="background-color: white; line-height: 22.4px;"></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;"><br /></span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;"><br /></span></span></div> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody> <tr><td><img border="0" height="180" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiVOAi9XCXtGMXsoiCTZ5Iibo4W9CyPxfqnpKOMfwTVhmws3GQsyqGbOrDGcbCFmvog1F2Nm-8iUnLk1Kf_mNIQ4Tz96T0i808LApphLSKbnbDIbpguq9Zh2uCXauUO8KU5hU9nilYLZSYr/s400/batteries.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="400" /></td></tr> <tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 12.8px;">Batteries</td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiVOAi9XCXtGMXsoiCTZ5Iibo4W9CyPxfqnpKOMfwTVhmws3GQsyqGbOrDGcbCFmvog1F2Nm-8iUnLk1Kf_mNIQ4Tz96T0i808LApphLSKbnbDIbpguq9Zh2uCXauUO8KU5hU9nilYLZSYr/s1600/batteries.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"></span></a></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;"><br /></span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;"><br /></span></span></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> </div> <div> <ul> <li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;">INTEGRATED CIRCUIT( IC ) -</span></span></li> </ul> <ol data-ved="0CB0Q_xdqFQoTCICXge6RvMcCFdWQjgodRuYBEA" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; line-height: 15.6px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> <li class="mod" data-md="61" style="border: 0px; clear: none; line-height: 1.24; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 20px;"><div class="_oDd" data-hveid="37" style="overflow: hidden; padding-bottom: 20px; text-align: justify;"> <span class="_Tgc"><span style="color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;">An integrated circuit or monolithic integrated circuit (also referred to as an IC, a chip, or a microchip) is a set of electronic circuits on one small plate ("chip") of semiconductor material, normally silicon.</span></span></div> </li> <li class="mod" data-md="61" style="border: 0px; clear: none; line-height: 1.24; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 20px;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody> <tr><td><img border="0" height="241" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhHblwmzic8wP2TQKxB2QNCF94CJuXEyftnmQ_R7R9Cu-ic-HACC_8ZkfUfCrBRlpPiXT0j3kKKyOcFJNlgi2_Xr-ZAwZMPswzkItbIWGSzn4GHMwzU9THrpRXH3tUbxoGL8VNoVNaaZonP/s320/f406_integrated_circuit_hairbrush.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="320" /></td></tr> <tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 12.8px;">IC</td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhHblwmzic8wP2TQKxB2QNCF94CJuXEyftnmQ_R7R9Cu-ic-HACC_8ZkfUfCrBRlpPiXT0j3kKKyOcFJNlgi2_Xr-ZAwZMPswzkItbIWGSzn4GHMwzU9THrpRXH3tUbxoGL8VNoVNaaZonP/s1600/f406_integrated_circuit_hairbrush.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"></span></a></div> <div class="_oDd" data-hveid="37" style="overflow: hidden; padding-bottom: 20px; text-align: justify;"> <span class="_Tgc"><span style="color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></div> </li> </ol> <ul> <li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 19.84px;">IR RECEIVER AND TRANSMITTER -</span></span></li> </ul> <span style="background-color: white; line-height: 18.2px;"></span><br /> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="background-color: white; line-height: 18.2px;"><span style="line-height: 18.2px;"><span style="color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;">Transmitter and receiver are commonly used in electronics projects for remote control of objects. Particularly, in Robotic system uses tranmitter and receiver. </span></span></span></div> <span style="background-color: white; line-height: 18.2px;"></span></div> <div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="line-height: 18.2px;"><span style="color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></div> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody> <tr><td><img border="0" height="301" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_4zbbZmevyCEWZHAgj6osyYy5Uis7P9vEFtaFT8ookszePDLy-p71n-4CJVnNgw0Edl3C3HgPQTT-FcCrM4bacdgaluyvG74lh19AeVekB_b3TALBaCxEVWAysre4GnQSurn01VHjfSrX/s400/IR.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="400" /></td></tr> <tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 12.8px;">IR Receiver and Transmeter</td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_4zbbZmevyCEWZHAgj6osyYy5Uis7P9vEFtaFT8ookszePDLy-p71n-4CJVnNgw0Edl3C3HgPQTT-FcCrM4bacdgaluyvG74lh19AeVekB_b3TALBaCxEVWAysre4GnQSurn01VHjfSrX/s1600/IR.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"></span></a></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 19.84px;"><br /></span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 19.84px;"><br /></span></span></div> <ul> <li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 19.84px;">MICROCONTROLLER -</span></span></li> </ul> <ol data-ved="0CB0Q_xdqFQoTCP3btKCSvMcCFcMHjgod2egB7A" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; line-height: 15.6px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> <li class="mod" data-md="61" style="border: 0px; clear: none; line-height: 1.24; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 20px;"><div class="_oDd" data-hveid="37" style="overflow: hidden; padding-bottom: 20px; text-align: justify;"> <span class="_Tgc"><span style="color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;">A microcontroller (sometimes abbreviated µC, uC or MCU) is a small computer on a single integrated circuit containing a processor core, memory, and programmable input/output peripherals.</span></span></div> </li> <li class="mod" data-md="61" style="border: 0px; clear: none; line-height: 1.24; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 20px;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody> <tr><td><img border="0" height="270" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhVMrGCCo5cfeOz0Nnwqk2v2nxqnncAItfFdr1Ah7grCIzekjlqoOluRW2t7w7MNzeDFCcPNNOIlBYy-bVZYvUj0zsEipC3tnm0mIWSLHZSafgH7rRG-4VyoGbCpmUN6l6mzAc3N2ANKOmg/s320/ATMEGA16.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="320" /></td></tr> <tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 12.8px;">Microcontroller<br /> <br /></td></tr> </tbody></table> </li> </ol> </div> <div> <ul> <li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;">MICROCONTROLLER PROGRAMMER-</span></span></li> </ul> <div style="background-color: white; line-height: 26px; text-align: justify;"> <span style="color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;">A microcontroller programmer or microcontroller burner is a hardware device accompanied with software which is used to transfer the machine language code to the microcontroller/EEPROM from the PC. A microcontroller programmer acts as an interface between the PC and the target controller. </span></div> </div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;"><br /></span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;"><br /></span></span></div> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody> <tr><td><img border="0" height="348" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEivU80I1lpcWpOD-Nhe4gW-oFvnLdspNspMUyhivz1lwpO-kSE3T5X7dO3zP1hoN-H514YZdxrYUXWOLj2NIkg_doQ63-bYeW9QE5CWtEJgja1j0Yqpdlg6FllVvoMEXmW9OdrR8khOdTxg/s400/Burner51-SHOP2_thumb.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="400" /></td></tr> <tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 12.8px;">Microcontroller Programmer</td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEivU80I1lpcWpOD-Nhe4gW-oFvnLdspNspMUyhivz1lwpO-kSE3T5X7dO3zP1hoN-H514YZdxrYUXWOLj2NIkg_doQ63-bYeW9QE5CWtEJgja1j0Yqpdlg6FllVvoMEXmW9OdrR8khOdTxg/s1600/Burner51-SHOP2_thumb.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"></span></a></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;"><br /></span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;"><br /></span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;"><br /></span></span></div> <div> <ul> <li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;">MICROCONTROLLER DEVELOPMENT BOARD -</span></span></li> </ul> <span style="background-color: white; line-height: 18.48px;"></span><br /> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="background-color: white; line-height: 18.48px;"><span style="line-height: 18.48px;"><span style="color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;">A development board is a printed circuit board with circuitry and hardware designed to facilitate experimentation with a certain microcontroller.</span></span></span></div> <span style="background-color: white; line-height: 18.48px;"></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="background-color: white; line-height: 18.48px;"><span style="color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></div> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody> <tr><td><img border="0" height="236" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiiqfK6YFcNaAtuMxyI9pNSk5CwvO1nBMwGINjQNhtie8If3X3JPVFBnXcEAp-WWiF_9FpnNSmMktA2eb3P73VfU4TzJSxhnMCVzq4SJsS6EFqsk8DZj34lvIckMVl22Uo0-naY5jWlmuxd/s400/at16-32_mini_devbrd.jpeg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="400" /></td></tr> <tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 12.8px;">Development Board</td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiiqfK6YFcNaAtuMxyI9pNSk5CwvO1nBMwGINjQNhtie8If3X3JPVFBnXcEAp-WWiF_9FpnNSmMktA2eb3P73VfU4TzJSxhnMCVzq4SJsS6EFqsk8DZj34lvIckMVl22Uo0-naY5jWlmuxd/s1600/at16-32_mini_devbrd.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"></span></a></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="background-color: white; line-height: 18.48px;"><span style="color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;"><br /></span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;"><br /></span></span></div> <div> <ul> <li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;">ARDUINO -</span></span></li> </ul> <span style="background-color: white; line-height: 22.4px;"></span><br /> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="background-color: white; line-height: 22.4px;"><span style="color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 22.4px;">Arduino</span><span style="line-height: 22.4px;"> is an </span>open-source<span style="line-height: 22.4px;"> computer hardware and software company, project and user community that designs and manufactures </span>microcontroller<span style="line-height: 22.4px;">-based kits for building digital devices and interactive objects that can sense and control the physical world.</span></span></span></div> <span style="background-color: white; line-height: 22.4px;"></span><br /> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="background-color: white; line-height: 22.4px;"><span style="color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 22.4px;"><br /></span></span></span></div> <span style="background-color: white; line-height: 22.4px;"></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="background-color: white; line-height: 22.4px;"><span style="color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></div> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody> <tr><td><img border="0" height="276" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhEfDEu3RvaB2_k5dwJLPsMqLdVa74IlLIJshhr7W880VIA8i42FChMWWtpfnaOKWhgM4ay6weXuqeVJt2tAjcRHKkwZGBtEo4QaBNs4grmMgAj_lzEX0eZ_Jo_dxY1sc7VMI5fdI2klGHW/s400/48912-arduinouno_r3_front.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="400" /></td></tr> <tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 12.8px;">Arduino</td></tr> </tbody></table> <br /> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="background-color: white; line-height: 22.4px;"><span style="color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> </div> <br /> <div class="separator" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; clear: both; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; orphans: auto; text-align: center; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhEfDEu3RvaB2_k5dwJLPsMqLdVa74IlLIJshhr7W880VIA8i42FChMWWtpfnaOKWhgM4ay6weXuqeVJt2tAjcRHKkwZGBtEo4QaBNs4grmMgAj_lzEX0eZ_Jo_dxY1sc7VMI5fdI2klGHW/s1600/48912-arduinouno_r3_front.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"></span></a></div> </div>

A Quick Overview Of Electronics components |Revealed

BREADBOARD- A breadboard is a construction base for prototyping of electronics.Because the solderless breadboard does not require sold...

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