Electronics Revealed

Python Tutorial #9 | Iterations

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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></h2>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;">While Statement:</span></h2>
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; line-height: 16.8831px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: large;">The while statement allows you to execute a block of statements till the condition is true.while statement is an example of looping statement. A while statement can have an optional else clause.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: large;">Example:</span></div>
<div class="code" style="background-color: #f6f6f6; border-radius: 5px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Courier; margin: 10px 0px; padding: 10px;">
<pre style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; line-height: 1.42857; margin-bottom: 10px; overflow: auto; padding: 9.5px; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;">number = 1
running = True

while running:
 print (number)
 number = number + 1
 if number > 10:
  running = False    
    
else:
 print ('The while loop is over.')
 # Do anything else you want to do here

print ('Done')</pre>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><u style="background-color: orange;">Output:</u></span></div>
<div class="code" style="background-color: #f6f6f6; border-radius: 5px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Courier; margin: 10px 0px; padding: 10px;">
<pre style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; line-height: 1.42857; margin-bottom: 10px; overflow: auto; padding: 9.5px; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;">1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
The while loop is over.
Done</pre>
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<h3 style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: open-sans-semibold; font-size: 24px; font-weight: 500; line-height: 1.1; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 20px;">
How It Works</h3>
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<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: large;">In this program, we are printing a sequence of numbers from 1 to 10. This aptly demonstrates the use of the while statement. <br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />First, we check if the variable 'running' is True and then proceed to execute the corresponding while-block. After this block is executed, the condition is again checked, which in this case is the 'running' variable. If it is true, we execute the while-block again, else we continue to execute the optional else-block and then continue to the next statement. <br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />The else block is executed when the while loop condition becomes False. <br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />The True and False are called Boolean types and you can consider them to be equivalent to the value 1 and 0 respectively.</span></div>
<h2 style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: 'trebuchet ms'; font-size: 22px; font-weight: 500; line-height: 1.1; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 20px;">
The for..in loop</h2>
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<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: large;">This for..in statement is an another looping statement.It iterates over a sequence of objects. This is used when you want to specify a range of objects.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: large;">Example:</span></div>
<div class="code" style="background-color: #f6f6f6; border-radius: 5px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Courier; margin: 10px 0px; padding: 10px;">
<pre style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; line-height: 1.42857; margin-bottom: 10px; overflow: auto; padding: 9.5px; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;">for i in range(1, 6):
    print (i)
else:
    print ('The program ends here')</pre>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><u style="background-color: orange;">Output:</u></span></div>
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1<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />2<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />3<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />4<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />5<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />The program ends here</div>
<h3 style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: open-sans-semibold; font-size: 24px; font-weight: 500; line-height: 1.1; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 20px;">
How It Works</h3>
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; line-height: 16.8831px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: large;">When we run this program, it will print a sequence of number. range() is a built-in function of Python. <br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />In range() we supply two numbers and range will return a sequence of numbers starting from the first number and up to the second number. In the above program range(1,6) gives the sequence [1,2,3,4,5]. By default range takes a step count of 1. If we supply third number then that becomes the step count.In the above code if we had written range(1,6,2) will give [1,3,5]. range() generates the sequence of numbers but will generate only one number at a time. Remember that range extends up to the second number i.e it does not include the second number.</span></div>
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Python Tutorial #9 | Iterations

Unknown 0 PYTHON 10:57:00

While Statement: The while statement allows you to execute a block of statements till the condition is true.while statement is an example of looping statement. A while statement can have an optional …

Python Tutorial #8 | Conditionals

Unknown 0 PYTHON 09:30:00

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<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: large;">In the programs we have seen till now, there has always been a series of statements faithfully executed by Python in exact top-down order. What if you wanted to change the control of the flow of executes? For example, you want the program to take some decisions and do different things depending on different situations, such as printing Good Morning or Good Evening depending on the time of the day?</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: large;">As you might have guessed, this is achieved using conditional statements. In Python <span style="box-sizing: border-box;">if statements</span> used for the same.</span></div>
<h2 style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: 'trebuchet ms'; font-weight: 500; line-height: 1.1; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 20px; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: large;">If Statement</span></h2>
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<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: large;">The if statement is used to check a condition: if the condition is true, we run a block of statements (called the if-block), else we process another block of statements (called the else-block). The else clause is optional.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: large;">Code Segment:</span></div>
<div class="code" style="background-color: #f6f6f6; border-radius: 5px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Courier; margin: 10px 0px; padding: 10px;">
<pre style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; line-height: 1.42857; margin-bottom: 10px; overflow: auto; padding: 9.5px; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;">number = 23

if number%2 == 1:
    # New block starts here
    print ('Number is Odd.')
    # The value in number variable is Odd.
else:
    print ('Number is Even')
    # The value in number variable is Even.

print ('Done')
# This last statement is always executed,
# after the if statement is executed.</pre>
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<br style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: open-sans; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16.8831px;" />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><u style="background-color: orange;">Output:</u></span></div>
<div class="code" style="background-color: #f6f6f6; border-radius: 5px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Courier; margin: 10px 0px; padding: 10px;">
Number is Odd.<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />Done</div>
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Python Tutorial #8 | Conditionals

Unknown 0 PYTHON 09:30:00

In the programs we have seen till now, there has always been a series of statements faithfully executed by Python in exact top-down order. What if you wanted to change the control of the flow of exec…

Python Tutorial #7 | Operators

Unknown 0 PYTHON 09:00:00

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<span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace; font-size: large;">Operator is anything which acts on operands and produces a result.</span></div>
<div class="code" style="background-color: #f6f6f6; border-radius: 5px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Courier; font-size: 14px; margin: 10px 0px; padding: 10px;">
a = b + 5</div>
<span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 16.8831px;"><span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace; font-size: large;">In the above statement, '=' and '+' are operators, 'a' and 'b' are variables and '5' is a constant. Together, 'a', 'b' '5' are called operands. '=' is called an assignment operator as it assignes 'b + 5' to 'a'. In computer science, the assignment is always from right to left i.e. in case of an assignment, the right expression is computed and is assigned to left expression. Expression is a combination of operators and operands.</span></span><br />
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<h2 style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-size: 22px; font-weight: 500; line-height: 1.1; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 20px;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Operation on strings</span></h2>
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; line-height: 16.8831px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace; font-size: large;">'+' operator is used to add two or more strings.</span></div>
<div class="code" style="background-color: #f6f6f6; border-radius: 5px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Courier; font-size: 14px; margin: 10px 0px; padding: 10px;">
a = "Electronics Revealed"<br />
b = "The biggest online portal"<br />
c = a + b</div>
<span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace; font-size: large;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 16.8831px;">Now 'c' will contain 'InternshalaThe biggest internship portal'. A key thing to note here is that, with '+' operator, two strings are just concatenated (added) without any extra spaces being introduced.</span><br style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; line-height: 16.8831px;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 16.8831px;">'*' operator is used to replicate the string.</span></span><br />
<div class="code" style="background-color: #f6f6f6; border-radius: 5px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Courier; font-size: 14px; margin: 10px 0px; padding: 10px;">
d = "Revealed"<br />
e = d*3<br />
print (e)</div>
<span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace; font-size: large;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 16.8831px;">The output for the above case will be '</span><span style="background-color: #f6f6f6; color: #333333;">Revealed</span><span style="background-color: #f6f6f6; color: #333333;">Revealed</span><span style="background-color: #f6f6f6; color: #333333;">Revealed</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 16.8831px;">'. '*' is very useful if string replication is needed.</span></span><br />
<br style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: open-sans; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16.8831px;" />
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</div>
<h2 style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-size: 22px; font-weight: 500; line-height: 1.1; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 20px;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Operation on numbers</span></h2>
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; line-height: 16.8831px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace; font-size: large;">The basic operations on numbers are addition, subtraction, multiplication and divison.</span></div>
<div class="code" style="background-color: #f6f6f6; border-radius: 5px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Courier; font-size: 14px; margin: 10px 0px; padding: 10px;">
a = 6<br />
b = 5<br />
print (a + b)<br />
print (a - b)<br />
print (a * b)<br />
print (a / b)</div>
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<div class="code" style="background-color: #f6f6f6; border-radius: 5px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Courier; font-size: 14px; margin: 10px 0px; padding: 10px;">
11<br />
1<br />
30<br />
1.2</div>
<span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 16.8831px;"><span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace; font-size: large;">Sometimes, we just want to get an integer value even after divison. In that case '//'' operator is used to divide two numbers, and return an integer value. This is called integer divison</span></span><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16.8831px;">.</span><br />
<br style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: open-sans; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16.8831px;" />
<span style="background-color: yellow;"><span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace; font-size: large;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; line-height: 16.8831px;">NOTE:</span><span style="color: #333333; line-height: 16.8831px;"> '//' operation is generally used in divison of two integers.</span><br style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; line-height: 16.8831px;" /><span style="color: #333333; line-height: 16.8831px;">As stated before if a user enters a number, it is considered as a string. So, we need to change it from string to real number.</span></span></span><br />
<div class="code" style="background-color: #f6f6f6; border-radius: 5px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Courier; font-size: 14px; margin: 10px 0px; padding: 10px;">
l = float(input('Enter a floating number : '))<br />
m = int(input('Enter an integer : '))</div>
<span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 16.8831px;"><span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace; font-size: large;">If a real number needs to be converted to a string, str() function is used.</span></span><br />
<div class="code" style="background-color: #f6f6f6; border-radius: 5px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Courier; font-size: 14px; margin: 10px 0px; padding: 10px;">
a = 5.2<br />
s = str(a)</div>
<span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 16.8831px;"><span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace; font-size: large;">To see what data type a variable is, type() function is used.</span></span><br />
<div class="code" style="background-color: #f6f6f6; border-radius: 5px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Courier; font-size: 14px; margin: 10px 0px; padding: 10px;">
k = 5.27<br />
print (type(k))</div>
<span style="background-color: yellow; font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace; font-size: large;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; line-height: 16.8831px;">Note:</span><span style="color: #333333; line-height: 16.8831px;"> All data types are not interconvertible. If in a string, there are some alphabets and you convert it to an integer, an error will be returned.</span></span><br />
<span style="background-color: yellow; font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace; font-size: large;"><span style="color: #333333; line-height: 16.8831px;"><br /></span></span>
<h2 style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-size: 24px; font-weight: 500; line-height: 1.1; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 20px; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Operator Precedence Table</span></h2>
<table border="1" style="background-color: white; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;" summary="Operator Precedence"><colgroup style="box-sizing: border-box;"><col style="box-sizing: border-box;"></col><col style="box-sizing: border-box;"></col></colgroup><thead style="box-sizing: border-box;">
<tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><th style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: normal; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;">Operator</span></th><th style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: normal; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;">Description</span></th></tr>
</thead><tbody style="box-sizing: border-box;">
<tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;">lambda</span></td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;">Lambda Expression</span></td></tr>
<tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;">or</span></td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;">Boolean OR</span></td></tr>
<tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;">and</span></td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;">Boolean AND</span></td></tr>
<tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;">not x</span></td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;">Boolean NOT</span></td></tr>
<tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;">in, not in</span></td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;">Membership tests</span></td></tr>
<tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;">is, is not</span></td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;">Identity tests</span></td></tr>
<tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><, <=, >, >=, !=, ==</span></td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;">Comparisons</span></td></tr>
<tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;">|</span></td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;">Bitwise OR</span></td></tr>
<tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;">^</span></td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;">Bitwise XOR</span></td></tr>
<tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;">&</span></td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;">Bitwise AND</span></td></tr>
<tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><<, >></span></td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;">Shifts</span></td></tr>
<tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;">+, -</span></td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;">Addition and subtraction</span></td></tr>
<tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;">*, /, %</span></td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;">Multiplication, Division and Remainder</span></td></tr>
<tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;">+x, -x</span></td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;">Positive, Negative</span></td></tr>
<tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;">~x</span></td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;">Bitwise NOT</span></td></tr>
<tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;">**</span></td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;">Exponentiation</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="background-color: yellow; font-size: large;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 16.8831px;"></span></span><br />
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; line-height: 16.8831px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: large;">Operators with the same <span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">same precedence</em></span> are listed in the same row in the above table. For example, <code style="background-color: #f9f2f4; border-radius: 4px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #c7254e; padding: 2px 4px;">+</code> and <code style="background-color: #f9f2f4; border-radius: 4px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #c7254e; padding: 2px 4px;">-</code> have the same precedence.</span></div>
</div>

Python Tutorial #7 | Operators

Unknown 0 PYTHON 09:00:00

Operator is anything which acts on operands and produces a result. a = b + 5 In the above statement, '=' and '+' are operators, 'a' and 'b' are variables and '5' is a constant. Together, 'a', 'b' '5'…

Python Tutorial #6 | Sets

Unknown 0 PYTHON 22:58:00

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiJ4v8WkTXExn32YrJ8QgONsb-q8NANNjkvjHUnXmS7MtFbQZtFSZQWC_C8VCPZ9czzT7vRgvsD0dPMMC0Z_xtTOhXr5MHxlVal39Q4hY-uM8b6stC0M1uVEsyqaXtNc8-4fyIJuotuS0XW/s1600/typing-840x472.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="360" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiJ4v8WkTXExn32YrJ8QgONsb-q8NANNjkvjHUnXmS7MtFbQZtFSZQWC_C8VCPZ9czzT7vRgvsD0dPMMC0Z_xtTOhXr5MHxlVal39Q4hY-uM8b6stC0M1uVEsyqaXtNc8-4fyIJuotuS0XW/s640/typing-840x472.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; line-height: 16.8831px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; line-height: 16.8831px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; line-height: 16.8831px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace; font-size: large;">Python also includes a data type for sets. A set is an unordered collection with no duplicate elements. Basic uses include membership testing and eliminating duplicate entries. Set objects also support mathematical operations like union, intersection, difference, and symmetric difference. <br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />Curly braces or the set() function can be used to create sets. Note: to create an empty set you have to use set(), not {};</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; line-height: 16.8831px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace; font-size: large;">Code segment:</span></div>
<div class="code" style="background-color: #f6f6f6; border-radius: 5px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Courier; margin: 10px 0px; padding: 10px;">
basket = {'apple', 'orange', 'apple', 'pear', 'orange', 'banana'} print(basket)</div>
<h2 style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; line-height: 16.8831px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><u style="background-color: orange; font-weight: normal;">Output:</u></span></h2>
<div class="code" style="background-color: #f6f6f6; border-radius: 5px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Courier; margin: 10px 0px; padding: 10px;">
{'orange', 'banana', 'pear', 'apple'}</div>
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; line-height: 16.8831px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace; font-size: large;">The above output shows that duplicates have been removed.</span></div>
<h2 style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-weight: 500; line-height: 1.1; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 20px; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Membership Testing Sample Test:</span></h2>
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; line-height: 16.8831px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace; font-size: large;">Code Segment:</span></div>
<div class="code" style="background-color: #f6f6f6; border-radius: 5px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Courier; margin: 10px 0px; padding: 10px;">
basket = {'apple', 'orange', 'apple', 'pear', 'orange', 'banana'}<br />
print('orange' in basket)</div>
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; line-height: 16.8831px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><u>Output:</u></span></div>
<div class="code" style="background-color: #f6f6f6; border-radius: 5px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Courier; margin: 10px 0px; padding: 10px;">
True</div>
</div>

Python Tutorial #6 | Sets

Unknown 0 PYTHON 22:58:00

Python also includes a data type for sets. A set is an unordered collection with no duplicate elements. Basic uses include membership testing and eliminating duplicate entries. Set objects also suppo…

Python tutorial #5 | Dictionary

Unknown 0 PYTHON 22:41:00

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; line-height: 16.8831px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: justify;">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjHFzSle_P9FLV93VQySnbsYVQdpXIZ5T3-HdgH2JHIFZWmHX4G5DyOYgfNnC5YkeCb3iYdWysk6WH9iy4Hm6W_7Nlhb7aoocREU7gfXBclNXJNa4kFGQQjmNnumK93iPOXSsoM991Q8QEc/s1600/tempFileForShare_2015-12-21-15-24-08-840x473.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="360" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjHFzSle_P9FLV93VQySnbsYVQdpXIZ5T3-HdgH2JHIFZWmHX4G5DyOYgfNnC5YkeCb3iYdWysk6WH9iy4Hm6W_7Nlhb7aoocREU7gfXBclNXJNa4kFGQQjmNnumK93iPOXSsoM991Q8QEc/s640/tempFileForShare_2015-12-21-15-24-08-840x473.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace; font-size: large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace; font-size: large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace; font-size: large;">A dictionary is mutable and is another container type that can store any number of Python objects, including other container types. Dictionaries consist of pairs (called items) of keys and their corresponding values.</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; line-height: 16.8831px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace; font-size: large;">Python dictionaries are also known as associative arrays or hash tables. The general syntax of a dictionary is as follows:</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; line-height: 16.8831px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: open-sans; line-height: 16.8831px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background-color: cyan; font-family: "courier"; line-height: 18.1818px; text-align: left;">dict = {'Alice': '2341', 'Beth': '9102', 'Cecil': '3258'}</span></div>
<div style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: open-sans; line-height: 16.8831px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background-color: cyan; font-family: "courier"; line-height: 18.1818px; text-align: left;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; line-height: 16.8831px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace; font-size: large;">Each key is separated from its value by a colon (:), the items are separated by commas, and the whole thing is enclosed in curly braces. An empty dictionary without any items is written with just two curly braces, like this: {}.</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; line-height: 16.8831px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace; font-size: large;">Keys are unique within a dictionary while values may not be. The values of a dictionary can be of any type, but the keys must be of an immutable data type such as strings, numbers, or tuples.</span></div>
<h2 style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: open-sans-semibold; font-size: 24px; font-weight: 500; line-height: 1.1; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 20px; text-align: left;">
Accessing Values in dictionary:</h2>
<div>
<span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 16.8831px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace; font-size: large;">To access dictionary elements, you can use the familiar square brackets along with the key to obtain its value. Following is a simple example:</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<pre style="border-radius: 4px; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; line-height: 1.42857; margin-bottom: 10px; overflow: auto; padding: 9.5px; text-align: left; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;"><span style="background-color: cyan;">dict = {'Name': 'pranav', 'Age': 19, 'Class': 'First'}
print ("dict['Name']: ", dict['Name'])
print ("dict['Age']: ", dict['Age'])</span></pre>
<pre style="border-radius: 4px; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; line-height: 1.42857; margin-bottom: 10px; overflow: auto; padding: 9.5px; text-align: left; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;"><div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 16.8831px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><u>Output:</u></span></div>
<div class="code" style="background-color: #f6f6f6; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-radius: 5px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Courier; margin: 10px 0px; padding: 10px; white-space: normal;">
dict['Name']: pranav
dict['Age']: 19</div>
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 16.8831px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;">
<span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace; font-size: large;">If we attempt to access a data item with a key, which is not part of the dictionary, we get an error as follows:</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 16.8831px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;">
<span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace; font-size: large;">Code segment with missing key:</span></div>
<div class="code" style="background-color: #f6f6f6; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-radius: 5px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Courier; margin: 10px 0px; padding: 10px; white-space: normal;">
dict = {'Name': 'pranav', 'Age': 19, 'Class': 'First'}
print ("dict['Alice']: ", dict['Alice'])</div>
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 16.8831px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><u>Output with error message:</u></span></div>
<div class="code" style="background-color: #f6f6f6; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-radius: 5px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Courier; margin: 10px 0px; padding: 10px; white-space: normal;">
<pre style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; line-height: 1.42857; margin-bottom: 10px; overflow: auto; padding: 9.5px; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;">dict['pranav']:
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "test.py", line 4, in <module>
    print ("dict['Alice']: ", dict['Alice'])
KeyError: 'Alice'</pre>
</div>
<h2 style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: open-sans-semibold; font-size: 24px; font-weight: 500; line-height: 1.1; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 20px; text-align: left; white-space: normal;">
Updating Dictionary:</h2>
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 16.8831px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;">
<span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace; font-size: large;">We can update a dictionary by adding a new entry or item (i.e., a key-value pair), modifying an existing entry, or deleting an existing entry as shown below in the simple example:</span></div>
<div class="code" style="background-color: #f6f6f6; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-radius: 5px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Courier; margin: 10px 0px; padding: 10px; white-space: normal;">
<pre style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; line-height: 1.42857; margin-bottom: 10px; overflow: auto; padding: 9.5px; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;">dict = {'Name': 'pranav', 'Age': 19, 'Class': 'First'};

dict['Age'] = 20; # update existing entry
dict['School'] = "RAIT"; # Add new entry

print "dict['Age']: ", dict['Age'];
print "dict['School']: ", dict['School'];</pre>
</div>
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 16.8831px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;">
<span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace; font-size: large;">When the above code is executed, it produces the following result:</span></div>
<div class="code" style="background-color: #f6f6f6; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-radius: 5px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Courier; margin: 10px 0px; padding: 10px; white-space: normal;">
dict['Age']: 20
dict['School']: RAIT</div>
<h3 style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: open-sans-semibold; font-size: 24px; font-weight: 500; line-height: 1.1; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 20px; white-space: normal;">
Delete Dictionary Elements:</h3>
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 16.8831px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;">
<span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace; font-size: large;">We can either remove individual dictionary elements or clear the entire contents of a dictionary. You can also delete entire dictionary in a single operation.</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 16.8831px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;">
<span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace; font-size: large;">To explicitly remove an entire dictionary, just use the del statement. Following is a simple example:</span></div>
<div class="code" style="background-color: #f6f6f6; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-radius: 5px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Courier; margin: 10px 0px; padding: 10px; white-space: normal;">
<pre style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; line-height: 1.42857; margin-bottom: 10px; overflow: auto; padding: 9.5px; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;">dict = {'Name': 'pranav', 'Age': 19, 'Class': 'First'};

del dict['Name']; # remove entry with key 'Name'
dict.clear();     # remove all entries in dict
del dict ;        # delete entire dictionary

print "dict['Age']: ", dict['Age'];
print "dict['School']: ", dict['School'];<span style="font-size: 13px;">
</span></pre>
</div>
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 16.8831px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><u>Output with error</u></span></div>
<div class="code" style="background-color: #f6f6f6; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-radius: 5px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Courier; margin: 10px 0px; padding: 10px; white-space: normal;">
<pre style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; line-height: 1.42857; margin-bottom: 10px; overflow: auto; padding: 9.5px; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;">dict['Age']:
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "test.py", line 8, in <module>
    print "dict['Age']: ", dict['Age'];
  TypeError: 'type' object is unsubscriptable</pre>
</div>
</pre>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<pre style="border-radius: 4px; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; line-height: 1.42857; margin-bottom: 10px; overflow: auto; padding: 9.5px; text-align: left; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;">
</pre>
</div>
</div>

Python tutorial #5 | Dictionary

Unknown 0 PYTHON 22:41:00

A dictionary is mutable and is another container type that can store any number of Python objects, including other container types. Dictionaries consist of pairs (called items) of keys and their corr…

Python Tutorial #4| Tuples

Unknown 0 PYTHON 21:58:00

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; line-height: 18.5714px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace; font-size: large;">Tuples are sequences, just like lists. The only difference is that tuples can't be changed i.e., tuples are immutable and tuples use parentheses and lists use square brackets.</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; line-height: 18.5714px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace; font-size: large;">Creating a tuple is as simple as putting different comma-separated values and optionally you can put these comma-separated values between parentheses also. For example:</span></div>
<div style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: open-sans; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18.5714px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background-color: cyan;"><span style="font-family: "courier"; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; text-align: left;">tup1 = ('pranav', 'nandankar', 1996, 2016)</span><br style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Courier; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; text-align: left;" /><span style="font-family: "courier"; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; text-align: left;">tup2 = (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 )</span><br style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Courier; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; text-align: left;" /><span style="font-family: "courier"; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; text-align: left;">tup3 = "a", "b", "c", "d"</span></span></div>
<div style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; line-height: 18.5714px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background-color: white; line-height: 18.5714px;"><span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace; font-size: large;">The empty tuple is written as two parentheses containing nothing:</span></span></div>
<div style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: open-sans; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18.5714px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background-color: cyan; font-family: "courier"; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; text-align: left;">tup1 = ()</span></div>
<div style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; line-height: 18.5714px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background-color: white; line-height: 18.5714px;"><span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace; font-size: large;">To write a tuple containing a single value you have to include a comma, even though there is only one value:</span></span></div>
<div style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; line-height: 18.5714px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background-color: cyan; line-height: 20px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">tup1 = (50,)</span></span></div>
<div style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: open-sans; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18.5714px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background-color: cyan; font-family: "courier"; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; text-align: left;"><br /></span></div>
<h2 style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: 'trebuchet ms'; font-weight: 500; line-height: 1.1; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 20px; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: large;">Accessing a Value:</span></h2>
<div>
<span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 18.5714px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace; font-size: large;">To access values in tuple, use the square brackets for slicing along with the index or indices to obtain value available at that index. Following is a simple example:</span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="background-color: cyan; color: #333333; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18.5714px; text-align: justify;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="background-color: cyan;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "courier"; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px;">tup1 = ('pranav', 'nandankar', 19966, 2016)</span><br style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Courier; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px;" /><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "courier"; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px;">tup2 = (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 )</span><br style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Courier; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px;" /><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "courier"; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px;">print ("tup1[0]: ", tup1[0])</span><br style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Courier; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px;" /><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "courier"; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px;">print ("tup2[1:5]: ", tup2[1:5])</span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="background-color: cyan;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "courier"; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px;"><u><i><br /></i></u></span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; line-height: 18.5714px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><u><i>Output:</i></u></span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="background-color: cyan; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; line-height: 18.5714px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><u><i><br /></i></u></span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="background-color: cyan; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; line-height: 18.5714px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "courier"; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; text-align: left;">tup1[0]: physics</span><br style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Courier; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; text-align: left;" /><span style="font-family: "courier"; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; text-align: left;">tup2[1:5]: [2, 3, 4, 5]</span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="background-color: cyan; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; line-height: 18.5714px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "courier"; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; text-align: left;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="background-color: cyan; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; line-height: 18.5714px; text-align: justify;"></span><br />
<h2 style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 500; line-height: 1.1; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 20px; text-align: left;">
<span style="background-color: cyan; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; line-height: 18.5714px; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Updating Tuples:</span></span></h2>
<span style="background-color: cyan; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; line-height: 18.5714px; text-align: justify;">
</span></div>
<div>
<span style="background-color: cyan; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; line-height: 18.5714px; text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 18.5714px;"><span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace; font-size: large;">Tuples are immutable which means you cannot update them or change values of tuple elements. But we able to take portions of an existing tuples to create a new tuples as follows. Following is a simple example:</span></span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="background-color: cyan; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; line-height: 18.5714px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "courier"; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; text-align: left;">tup1 = (12, 34.56)</span><br style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Courier; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; text-align: left;" /><span style="font-family: "courier"; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; text-align: left;">tup2 = ('abc', 'xyz')</span><br style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Courier; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; text-align: left;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Courier; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; text-align: left;" /><span style="font-family: "courier"; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; text-align: left;"># Following action is not valid for tuples</span><br style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Courier; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; text-align: left;" /><span style="font-family: "courier"; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; text-align: left;"># tup1[0] = 100</span><br style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Courier; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; text-align: left;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Courier; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; text-align: left;" /><span style="font-family: "courier"; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; text-align: left;"># So let's create a new tuple as follows</span><br style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Courier; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; text-align: left;" /><span style="font-family: "courier"; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; text-align: left;">tup3 = tup1 + tup2</span><br style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Courier; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; text-align: left;" /><span style="font-family: "courier"; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; text-align: left;">print (tup3)</span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="background-color: cyan; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; line-height: 18.5714px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "courier"; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; text-align: left;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; line-height: 18.5714px; text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 20px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><u><i>Output:</i></u></span></span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; line-height: 18.5714px; text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 20px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><u><i><br /></i></u></span></span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; line-height: 18.5714px; text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: cyan; font-family: "courier"; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; text-align: left;">(12, 34.56, 'abc', 'xyz')</span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 18.5714px; text-align: justify;"></span><br />
<h2 style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-weight: 500; line-height: 1.1; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 20px; text-align: left;">
<span style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 18.5714px; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Delete Tuples Elements:</span></span></h2>
<span style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 18.5714px; text-align: justify;">
<div style="background-color: cyan; color: #333333;">
<span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace; font-size: large;"><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 18.5714px;">Removing individual tuple elements is not possible. There is, of course, nothing wrong with putting together another tuple with the undesired elements discarded. </span><br style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 18.5714px;" /><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 18.5714px;">To explicitly remove an entire tuple, just use the del statement. Following is a simple example:</span></span></div>
<div style="background-color: cyan; color: #333333;">
<span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="background-color: cyan; color: #333333;">
<br /></div>
<div style="background-color: cyan; color: #333333;">
<div class="code" style="background-color: #f6f6f6; border-radius: 5px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Courier; font-size: 14px; margin: 10px 0px; padding: 10px; text-align: left;">
tup = ('pranav', 'nandankar', 1996, 2016)<br />
print tup<br />
del tup<br />
print "After deleting tup : "<br />
print tup</div>
</div>
<div style="background-color: cyan; color: #333333;">
<u><i><br /></i></u></div>
<div style="background-color: cyan; color: #333333;">
<span style="background-color: white; line-height: 18.5714px;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><u><i>Output:</i></u></span></span></div>
<div style="background-color: cyan; color: #333333;">
<br /></div>
<div>
<span style="background-color: cyan; color: #333333; font-family: "courier"; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; text-align: left;">('pranav', 'nandankar', 1996, 2016)</span><br />
<span style="background-color: cyan; color: #333333; font-family: "courier"; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; text-align: left;">After deleting tup :</span><br />
<span style="background-color: cyan; color: #333333; font-family: "courier"; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; text-align: left;">Traceback (most recent call last):</span><br />
<span style="background-color: cyan; color: #333333; font-family: "courier"; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; text-align: left;">File "test.py", line 9, in <module></span><br />
<span style="background-color: cyan; color: #333333; font-family: "courier"; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; text-align: left;">print tup</span><br />
<span style="background-color: blue; font-family: "courier"; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; text-align: left;"><span style="color: white;">NameError: name 'tup' is not defined</span></span></div>
</span></div>
<div>
<span style="background-color: cyan; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; line-height: 18.5714px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "courier"; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; text-align: left;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="background-color: cyan; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; line-height: 18.5714px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "courier"; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; text-align: left;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<span style="background-color: cyan; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; line-height: 18.5714px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "courier"; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; text-align: left;"><br /></span></span></div>
</div>

Python Tutorial #4| Tuples

Unknown 0 PYTHON 21:58:00

Tuples are sequences, just like lists. The only difference is that tuples can't be changed i.e., tuples are immutable and tuples use parentheses and lists use square brackets. Creating a tuple is as …

Python Tutorial #3|Lists

Unknown 0 PYTHON 20:59:00

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; line-height: 18.5714px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace; font-size: large;">The list is a most versatile datatype available in Python which can be written as a list of comma-separated values (items) between square brackets. Good thing about a list is that items in a list need not all have the same type.</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; line-height: 18.5714px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace; font-size: large;">Creating a list is as simple as putting different comma-separated values between square brackets. For example:</span></div>
<div style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; line-height: 18.5714px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background-color: cyan;"><span style="font-family: "courier"; line-height: 20px; text-align: left;">list1 = ['physics', 'chemistry', 1997, 2000]</span><br style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Courier; line-height: 20px; text-align: left;" /><span style="font-family: "courier"; line-height: 20px; text-align: left;">list2 = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ]</span><br style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Courier; line-height: 20px; text-align: left;" /><span style="font-family: "courier"; line-height: 20px; text-align: left;">list3 = ["a", "b", "c", "d"]</span></span></div>
<div style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; line-height: 18.5714px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background-color: yellow; font-family: open-sans; line-height: 18.5714px;"><span style="font-size: large;">NOTE:Like string indices, list indices start at 0, and lists can be sliced, concatenated and so on.</span></span></div>
<h3 style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'trebuchet ms'; line-height: 1.1; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 20px; text-align: left;">
<span style="background-color: yellow; color: #333333; font-weight: 500; line-height: 18.5714px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span><span style="color: #20124d; font-size: large;">Accessing values in Lists:</span></h3>
<div style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; line-height: 18.5714px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background-color: white; line-height: 18.5714px;"><span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace; font-size: large;">To access values in lists, use the square brackets for slicing along with the index or indices to obtain value available at that index. Following is a simple example:</span></span></div>
<div style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; line-height: 18.5714px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background-color: cyan;"><span style="font-family: "courier"; line-height: 20px; text-align: left;">list1 = ['physics', 'chemistry', 1997, 2000]</span><br style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Courier; line-height: 20px; text-align: left;" /><span style="font-family: "courier"; line-height: 20px; text-align: left;">print (list1[1:3])</span></span></div>
<div style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; line-height: 18.5714px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background-color: white; line-height: 18.5714px;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">OUTPUT:</span></span></div>
<div style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; line-height: 18.5714px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background-color: cyan; font-family: "courier"; line-height: 20px; text-align: left;">['chemistry', 1997]</span></div>
<h3 style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: 'trebuchet ms'; font-size: 22px; line-height: 1.1; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 20px; text-align: left;">
Updating List:</h3>
<div>
<span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 18.5714px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace; font-size: large;">You can update single or multiple elements of lists by giving the slice on the left-hand side of the assignment operator, and you can add to elements in a list with the append() method. Following is a simple example:</span></span></div>
<div style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; line-height: 18.5714px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background-color: yellow; font-family: open-sans; line-height: 18.5714px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; line-height: 18.5714px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background-color: cyan;"><span style="font-family: "courier"; line-height: 20px; text-align: left;">list = ['physics', 'chemistry', 1997, 2000]</span><br style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Courier; line-height: 20px; text-align: left;" /><span style="font-family: "courier"; line-height: 20px; text-align: left;">print ("Value available at index 2 : ")</span><br style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Courier; line-height: 20px; text-align: left;" /><span style="font-family: "courier"; line-height: 20px; text-align: left;">print list[2]</span><br style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Courier; line-height: 20px; text-align: left;" /><span style="font-family: "courier"; line-height: 20px; text-align: left;">list[2] = 2001</span></span><span style="background-color: cyan; font-family: "courier"; line-height: 20px; text-align: left;">Value available at index 2 :</span><br />
<span style="background-color: #f6f6f6; font-family: "courier"; line-height: 20px; text-align: left;">1997</span></div>
<div style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; line-height: 18.5714px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: open-sans; line-height: 18.5714px;"><span style="font-size: large;">OUTPUT:</span></span></div>
<div style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; line-height: 18.5714px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background-color: cyan;"><span style="font-family: "courier"; line-height: 20px; text-align: left;">New value available at index 2 :</span><br style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Courier; line-height: 20px; text-align: left;" /><span style="font-family: "courier"; line-height: 20px; text-align: left;">2001</span><span style="line-height: 18.5714px;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Courier; line-height: 20px; text-align: left;" /><span style="font-family: "courier"; line-height: 20px; text-align: left;">print ("New Value available at index 2 : ")</span><br style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Courier; line-height: 20px; text-align: left;" /><span style="font-family: "courier"; line-height: 20px; text-align: left;">print (list[2])</span></span></span></div>
<h3 style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: 'trebuchet ms'; font-size: 22px; line-height: 1.1; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 20px; text-align: left;">
Delete List Elements:</h3>
<div>
<span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 18.5714px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace; font-size: large;">To remove a list element, you can use either the del statement if you know exactly which element(s) you are deleting or the remove() method if you do not know. Following is a simple example:</span></span></div>
<div style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; line-height: 18.5714px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background-color: yellow; font-family: open-sans; line-height: 18.5714px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; line-height: 18.5714px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background-color: cyan;"><span style="font-family: "courier"; line-height: 20px; text-align: left;">list1 = ['physics', 'chemistry', 1997, 2000]</span><br style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Courier; line-height: 20px; text-align: left;" /><span style="font-family: "courier"; line-height: 20px; text-align: left;">print (list1)</span><br style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Courier; line-height: 20px; text-align: left;" /><span style="font-family: "courier"; line-height: 20px; text-align: left;">del list1[2]</span><br style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Courier; line-height: 20px; text-align: left;" /><span style="font-family: "courier"; line-height: 20px; text-align: left;">print ("After deleting value at index 2 : ")</span><br style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Courier; line-height: 20px; text-align: left;" /><span style="font-family: "courier"; line-height: 20px; text-align: left;">print (list1)</span></span></div>
<div style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; line-height: 18.5714px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: open-sans; line-height: 18.5714px;"><span style="font-size: large;">OUTPUT:</span></span></div>
<div style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; line-height: 18.5714px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background-color: cyan;"><span style="font-family: "courier"; line-height: 20px; text-align: left;">['physics', 'chemistry', 1997, 2000]</span><br style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Courier; line-height: 20px; text-align: left;" /><span style="font-family: "courier"; line-height: 20px; text-align: left;">After deleting value at index 2 :</span><br style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Courier; line-height: 20px; text-align: left;" /><span style="font-family: "courier"; line-height: 20px; text-align: left;">['physics', 'chemistry', 2000]</span></span></div>
<div style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; line-height: 18.5714px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background-color: yellow; font-family: open-sans; line-height: 18.5714px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<div style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; line-height: 18.5714px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background-color: yellow; font-family: open-sans; line-height: 18.5714px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; line-height: 18.5714px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background-color: yellow; font-family: open-sans; line-height: 18.5714px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; line-height: 18.5714px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</div>

Python Tutorial #3|Lists

Unknown 0 PYTHON 20:59:00

The list is a most versatile datatype available in Python which can be written as a list of comma-separated values (items) between square brackets. Good thing about a list is that items in a list nee…

Python Tutorial #2| Data Types

Unknown 0 PYTHON 21:04:00

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<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; line-height: 18.5714px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: justify;">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1yafVk_QlwAhpa3DTVZsOIsHjQsmIb6O6UEWzF_BNn_8ZkTtQEr5OKX9BjqmSy4dkGtbPrdw93cMWk_UxM6wPno4BIuyvWg-AJ1wrWxOFMnOhXpDqy9Q6GSGkcD6YoDiN8x-pIiK4e9my/s1600/python-logo-master.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="172" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1yafVk_QlwAhpa3DTVZsOIsHjQsmIb6O6UEWzF_BNn_8ZkTtQEr5OKX9BjqmSy4dkGtbPrdw93cMWk_UxM6wPno4BIuyvWg-AJ1wrWxOFMnOhXpDqy9Q6GSGkcD6YoDiN8x-pIiK4e9my/s400/python-logo-master.png" width="400" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace; font-size: large;">Python has many native datatypes. Here are the important ones:</span></div>
<ol style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; line-height: 18.5714px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 0px;">
<li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace; font-size: large;">Booleans</span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace; font-size: large;">Numbers</span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace; font-size: large;">Strings</span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace; font-size: large;">Bytes</span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace; font-size: large;">Lists</span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace; font-size: large;">Tuples</span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace; font-size: large;">Sets</span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace; font-size: large;">Dictionaries</span></li>
</ol>
<div>
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace; font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 18.5714px;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div>
<h2 style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: 'trebuchet ms'; font-weight: 500; line-height: 1.1; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 20px;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;">String</span></h2>
</div>
<div>
<span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 18.5714px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace; font-size: large;">String is a collection of characters. In order to assign string to a variable, the following code snippet works.</span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 18.5714px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace; font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="background-color: #9fc5e8; font-size: large;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "courier"; line-height: 20px;">a = "This is a string."</span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="background-color: #9fc5e8; font-size: large;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Courier; line-height: 20px;" /><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "courier"; line-height: 20px;">b = 'This is another string.'</span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="background-color: #9fc5e8; font-size: large;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "courier"; line-height: 20px;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace; font-size: large;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 18.5714px;">Anything written in double quotes (" ") or single quotes (' ') is considered string.</span><br style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; line-height: 18.5714px;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 18.5714px;">In order to find length of a string, use len() function.</span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace; font-size: large;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 18.5714px;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="background-color: #d0e0e3; font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace; font-size: large;"><span style="color: #333333; line-height: 20px;">a = "This is a string."</span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="background-color: #d0e0e3; font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace; font-size: large;"><span style="color: #333333; line-height: 20px;">print (len(a))</span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="background-color: #9fc5e8; font-size: large;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "courier"; line-height: 20px;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 18.5714px;"><span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace; font-size: large;">The output is 17 (total number of characters in a string). A string is indexed from 0 i.e. in variable 'a', 'T' is 0, 'h' is 1 and '.' is 16. In order to extract part of a string, string splitting is used.</span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="background-color: #9fc5e8; font-size: large;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "courier"; line-height: 20px;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div>
<div class="code" style="background-color: #f6f6f6; border-radius: 5px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Courier; font-size: 14px; margin: 10px 0px; padding: 10px;">
a = "This is a string."<br />
print (a[0:6])<br />
print (a[5:-2])<br />
print (a[1:])<br />
print (a[:6])</div>
</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: "courier"; line-height: 20px;"><b>OUTPUT</b></span></span></div>
<div>
<div class="code" style="background-color: #f6f6f6; border-radius: 5px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Courier; font-size: 14px; margin: 10px 0px; padding: 10px;">
This i<br />
is a strin<br />
his a string.<br />
This i</div>
</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace; font-size: large;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 18.5714px;">a[0:6] => Start from 1st character ('T') and</span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace; font-size: large; line-height: 18.5714px;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace; font-size: large; line-height: 18.5714px;"> end at 6th character ('i').</span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace; font-size: large;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 18.5714px;">a[5:-2] => Start from 6th character ('i') and end at 2nd last character ('n').</span><br style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; line-height: 18.5714px;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 18.5714px;">a[1:] => Start from 2nd character ('h') and print the entire string after that.</span><br style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; line-height: 18.5714px;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 18.5714px;">a[:6] => Start from beginning of string and end at 6th character('i').</span><br style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; line-height: 18.5714px;" /><span style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; line-height: 18.5714px;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="background-color: yellow; font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace; font-size: large;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; line-height: 18.5714px;">NOTE:</span><span style="color: #333333; line-height: 18.5714px;"> The indexing can also be negative, i.e.</span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace; font-size: large;"><span style="background-color: yellow; color: #333333; line-height: 18.5714px;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace; font-size: large;"><span style="background-color: yellow; color: #333333; line-height: 18.5714px;"> -2 indicates the second last character.</span></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace; font-size: large; line-height: 18.5714px;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace; font-size: large; line-height: 18.5714px;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="background-color: #9fc5e8; font-size: large;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "courier"; line-height: 20px;"><br /></span></span></div>
</div>

Python Tutorial #2| Data Types

Unknown 0 PYTHON 21:04:00

Python has many native datatypes. Here are the important ones: Booleans Numbers Strings Bytes Lists Tuples Sets Dictionaries String String is a collection of characters. In order to assign string to …

Python tutorial #1|Installation and First Program

Unknown 0 PYTHON 17:03:00

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 18.5714px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace; font-size: large;">Python is a high level, object oriented programming language. This course uses versions of Python 3.3. The learning curve for python is not steep, its pretty simple but at the same time, very powerful. Its heavily used in Scientific research. This course is for amateurs who are taking their first shot at programming, and also for someone who already has some programming experience in some other languages and wants to learn something new!</span></span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 18.5714px; text-align: justify;"><br /></span>
<br />
<h2 style="text-align: left;">
<span style="color: red;">Installation:</span></h2>
<div>
<span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace; font-size: large;">Download python version we are using from following link<u> <a href="https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.3.4/python-3.3.4.msi" target="_blank">Download Python</a>.</u></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace;"><span style="font-size: large;">And install it on your system.</span> </span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace;"><br /></span></div>
<h2 style="text-align: left;">
<span style="color: red;">First Program:</span></h2>
<div>
<span style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; line-height: 18.5714px;"><span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace; font-size: large;">Follow following steps to write first Python Program.</span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; line-height: 18.5714px;"><span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace; font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; line-height: 18.5714px;"><span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace; font-size: large;">1]This will open Pyton 3.3 shell as shown below.</span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; line-height: 18.5714px;"><span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace; font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; line-height: 18.5714px;"><span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace; font-size: large;">2]Go to file-->then click new file.</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; line-height: 18.5714px;"><span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace; font-size: large;">3]This will new python document where you can write python program.</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; line-height: 18.5714px;"><span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace; font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; line-height: 18.5714px;"><span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace; font-size: large;">4]Write first Hello world program as follows.</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; line-height: 18.5714px;"><span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace; font-size: large;">5]To save your program Go to file-->click save.</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; line-height: 18.5714px;"><span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace; font-size: large;">6]Type the File name as <u><b>first.py</b></u> and click save.Here py is extension for python program.</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; line-height: 18.5714px;"><span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace; font-size: large;">7]To Run Go to Run-->Click Run Module.</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; line-height: 18.5714px;"><span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace; font-size: large;">8]Output is displayed as shown below.</span></span></div>
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Python tutorial #1|Installation and First Program

Unknown 0 PYTHON 17:03:00

Python is a high level, object oriented programming language. This course uses versions of Python 3.3. The learning curve for python is not steep, its pretty simple but at the same time, very powerfu…